Emma Jane Greenland (after marriage, Hooker; 1760/61 – 9 September 1838) was an English painter, writer and singer. She was awarded a Gold Pallet on 14 November 1786 by the Society at London for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Greenland may have been a pupil of

Johann Christian Bach Johann Christian Bach (5 September 1735 – 1 January 1782) was a German composer of the Classical era, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach. He received his early musical training from his father, and later from his half-brother, Carl ...

, and she owned some of his manuscripts after his death. Greenland died in 1838.

Early life and education

Emma Jane Greenland was born in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

in 1760. Her father is thought to be Augustus Greenland, although other records show she was probably born in 1761 to Augustine Greenland (one of the Deputy Tellers of His Majesty's Exchequer)The London Gazette, 26 August 1820, Issue 17627, Page 1629:’’
/ref> and Sarah (Hooker), being baptised on 6 August 1761 at

St Andrew Holborn (church) The Church of St Andrew, Holborn, is a Church of England church (building), church on the northwestern edge of the City of London, on Holborn within the Ward of Farringdon Without. History Roman and medieval Roman pottery was found on the site ...

, London, England. In the decade from 1772 to 1782, she studied painting with

Francesco Bartolozzi __NOTOC__ Francesco Bartolozzi (21 September 1727 – 7 March 1815) was an Italian engraver, whose most productive period was spent in London. He is noted for popularizing the "crayon" method of engraving. Early life Bartolozzi was born in Flo ...

at the Incorporated Society of Artists in London as well as with

Giovanni Battista Cipriani Giovanni Battista Cipriani (1727 – 14 December 1785) was an Italian painter and engraver, who lived in England from 1755. He is also called Giuseppe Cipriani by some authors. Much of his work consisted of designs for prints, many of whic ...

and Giovan Battista Capezzuoli at the gallery of the

Duke of Richmond Duke of Richmond is a title in the Peerage of England that has been created four times in British history. It has been held by members of the royal Tudor and Stuart families. The current dukedom of Richmond was created in 1675 for Charles ...

. In order to perfect her work, she moved to Italy and in 1783, in

Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...

, began studying

encaustic painting Encaustic painting, also known as hot wax painting, is a form of painting that involves a heated wax medium to which colored pigments have been added. The molten mix is applied to a surface—usually prepared wood, though canvas and other mate ...

with

Joseph Pignatelli Joseph Mary Pignatelli, SJ () (27 December 1737 – 15 November 1811) was a Spanish priest who was the unofficial leader of the Jesuits in exile in Sardinia, after the suppression of the Society. Supervising its restoration, he is considered the ...

. In 1785, in

Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...

, she practiced encaustic painting at the salon of

Irene Parenti Duclos Irene Parenti Duclos (or Irene Parenti, or her academic nickname Lincasta Ericinia) (1754–1795) was an Italian painter and poet. Her work as an expert copyist of old master paintings was highly valued in her era, and brought her honors from seve ...

and thanks to her, Hooker began to attend the Royal Gallery.

Career

She returned to London in 1786, and in the following year, published ''Curios discovery of the ancient grecian method of painting on wax''. Greenland also exhibited her self-portrait, at the

Royal Academy of Arts The Royal Academy of Arts (RA) is an art institution based in Burlington House in Piccadilly London, England. Founded in 1768, it has a unique position as an independent, privately funded institution led by eminent artists and architects. Its ...

in London as an Honorary Exhibitor. Her first communication to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce of London, with examples of this mode of painting, was made in the year 1786, one example of which was preserved in the Society's rooms at the Adelphi. For her very successful efforts in encaustic painting, Greenland was presented with a gold palette by the Society in 1786. Her account was printed in the 10th volume of the Society's ''Transactions'' for the year 1792. In the year 1807, she made a farther communication to the Society of the result of no less than 50 experiments per day, during more than four months. It was proposed that this method of painting should be called the ''Hookerian'' method. From 1801, with her husband, she directed a school for young aristocracy in

Sussex Sussex (Help:IPA/English, /ˈsʌsɪks/; from the Old English ''Sūþseaxe''; lit. 'South Saxons'; 'Sussex') is an area within South East England that was historically a kingdom of Sussex, kingdom and, later, a Historic counties of England, ...

. Greenland's music career gave her great satisfaction as when

dedicated to her six sonatas for piano and violin. Her father was a witness to Bach's will and Emma wrote her name on the title page of each document and at the head of each movement. Emma may have been a pupil of Bach's.

Personal life

On 24 March 1802, Emma Jane gave birth to a son who was baptised George Trigge Hooker on 28 March 1802 in

Rottingdean Rottingdean is a village in the city of Brighton and Hove, on the south coast of England. It borders the villages of Saltdean, Ovingdean and Woodingdean, and has a historic centre, often the subject of picture postcards. Name The name Rotting ...

, East Sussex, England. A petition to the King in 1820 resulted in George Trigge Hooker becoming known as George Trigge Greenland, in honour of his maternal grandfather, Augustine Greenland. Emma Jane Hooker née Greenland died on 9 September 1838 in Brighton, Sussex and was buried in the Greenland family vault, 15 September 1838 at All Saints Church,

Carshalton Carshalton ( ) is a town, with a historic village centre, in south London, England, within the London Borough of Sutton. It is situated around southwest of Charing Cross and around east by north of Sutton town centre, in the valley of the Rive ...

, Surrey, England, in accordance with her last will and testament.The National Archives; Kew, England; Prerogative Court of Canterbury and Related Probate Jurisdictions: Will Registers; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 1901’’:’�

��’, in online database Ancestry (subscription required), accessed 24 September 2019

References

Attribution

* *

Bibliography

* Algernon Graves, ''A Dictionary of Artists who have exhibited works in the principal London Exhibitions from 1760 to 1893'', London, 1901 * Fabia Borroni Salvadori, ''Artisti Viaggiatori e il Mito di Raffaello'', in "''Rassegna Storica Toscana''", Firenze, 1984 * ''A Dictionary of British and Irish Travellers in Italy 1701-1800'', Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1997 * E. Bénézit, ''Dictionnaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs'', Libreraire Grunde, Paris 1999 * Alberto Macchi, ''Irene Parenti, atto unico teatrale tra realtà e ipotesi'', Note, AETAS, Roma, 2006

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Greenland, Emma Jane 1760s births 1843 deaths 18th-century English writers 18th-century English women writers 19th-century English women writers 18th-century English women singers Painters from London 18th-century English women artists Writers from London 18th-century English singers 19th-century English writers Singers from London 18th-century English painters 18th-century British women painters 19th-century English painters 19th-century English women painters