Şirvan Emirate (-1840s, ) was a

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish language ** Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji) **Central Kurdish (Sorani) **Southern Kurdish ** Laki Kurdish *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern ...

beylik centered around Şirvan after the fall of the

Ayyubid dynasty The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...

. The founder of Şirvan was Emir Hasan who was a relative of Emir Kor of the

Soran Emirate Soran Emirate () was a medieval Kurdish emirate established before the conquest of Kurdistan by Ottoman Empire in 1514 and later revived by Emir Kor centered in Rawandiz from 1816 to 1836. Kor was ousted in an offensive by the Ottomans. Early ye ...

. The emirate ultimately lost its autonomy due to the Ottoman centralization policies in the mid-1840s and its Kurdish leaders were driven out. At its peak, the emirate included much of the area from

Bitlis Bitlis ( or ; ) is a city in southeastern Turkey. It is the seat of Bitlis District and Bitlis Province.Hakkâri Hakkari or Hakkâri may refer to: * Hakkari (historical region), a historical region in modern-day Turkey and Iraq *Hakkâri (city), a city and the capital of Hakkâri Province, Turkey *Hakkâri Province Hakkâri Province (, ; ), is a province ...

including

Kurtalan Kurtalan (, or , ''Harzan'') is a municipality in the Kurtalan District of Siirt Province in Turkey. It was called Garzan until 1938 when it was renamed. The municipality is populated by Kurds of the Pencenarî Kurdish tribe and had a populatio ...

and its rulers were loyal to Bohtan Emirate to the south and its leader

Bedir Khan Beg Bedir Khan Beg (Kurmanji: ''Bedirxan Beg'', ; 1803–1869) was the last Kurds, Kurdish Mir (title), Mir and mütesellim of the Bohtan, Emirate of Botan. Hereditary head of the house of Rozhaki whose seat was the ancient Bitlis Castle and descen ...

. Although removed from power, the descendants of the former rulers of Şirvan still commanded respect in the area towards the end of the 19th century.

History

The ancestors of the rulers of Şirvan were

vizier A vizier (; ; ) is a high-ranking political advisor or Minister (government), minister in the Near East. The Abbasids, Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a help ...

s for the Ayyubids and is said to either have originated from nearby

Hasankeyf Hasankeyf is a town located along the Tigris, in the Hasankeyf District, Batman Province, Turkey. It was declared a natural conservation area by Turkey in 1981. Despite local and international objections, the city and its archaeological sites ...

or from kings in Şirvan which they inherited the principality from. Under Emir Hasan, the territory was divided into three feudal domains being Şirvan (center), Kafra and Irvan. Hasan was succeeded by his son Emir Shah Mohammed while his four other sons were sent to different fortresses to govern Kafra and Irvan. After the death of all of Shah Mohammed's brothers and without any male heir to govern the two domains, they were handed over to Emir Shah Mohammed. When

Timur Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeat ...

swept the region in 1394, he also captured Şirvan which he handed over to

Qara Osman Uthman Beg or Osman Beg (Ajami Turkic and ; 1356 – 1435) was a late 14th and early 15th-century leader of the Turkoman tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in what is now eastern Turkey, Iran, Azerbaijan and Iraq. Name He was born Baha-ud-Din Uth ...

of the

Aq Qoyunlu The Aq Qoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (, ; ) was a culturally Persianate society, Persianate,Kaushik Roy, ''Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400–1750'', (Bloomsbury, 2014), 38; "Post-Mongol Persia and Iraq were ruled by two trib ...

in 1402. After shortly being under

Kara Koyunlu The Qara Qoyunlu or Kara Koyunlu (, ; ), also known as the Black Sheep Turkomans, were a culturally Persianate, Muslim Turkoman "Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation th ...

reign,

Uzun Hasan Uzun Hasan or Uzun Hassan (; February or March 1425 – January 6, 1478) was a ruler of the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu state and is generally considered to be its strongest ruler. Hasan ruled between 1452 and 1478 and presided ove ...

recaptured the region for the Aq Qoyunlu again in 1468. The region was captured by the Ismail I 1508. After the Ottoman victory in the

Battle of Chaldiran The Battle of Chaldiran (; ) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire. As a result, the Ottomans annexed Eastern Anatolia and Upper Mesopotamia from Safavid Iran. It marked ...

in 1514, and the supportive stance among the local Kurds,

Selim I Selim I (; ; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (), was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite lasting only eight years, his reign is ...

chose to let

Idris Bitlisi Idris Bitlisi ( 18 January 1457 – 15 November 1520), sometimes spelled Idris Bidlisi, Idris-i Bitlisi, or Idris-i Bidlisi ("Idris of Bitlis"), and fully ''Mevlana Hakimeddin İdris Mevlana Hüsameddin Ali-ül Bitlisi'', was an Ottoman Kurdis ...

and Bıyıklı Mehmed Pasha administer the area until Constantinople centralized its power in the mid 1840s.

History

See also

References

Further reading