Beihan or Bayhan ( '), officially the Emirate of Beihan ( '), was a state in the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

Aden Protectorate The Aden Protectorate ( ') was a British protectorate in southern Arabia. The protectorate evolved in the hinterland of the port of Aden and in the Hadhramaut after the conquest of Aden by the Bombay Presidency of British India in January ...

and the

Federation of South Arabia The Federation of South Arabia (FSA; ') was a federal state under British protectorate, British protection in what would become South Yemen. Its capital was Aden. History Originally formed on April 4, 1962 from 15 states of the Federation ...

. Its capital was Suq Abdulla, now called Beihan. The Emirate was abolished in 1967 upon the founding of the

People's Republic of South Yemen South Yemen, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, abbreviated to Democratic Yemen, was a country in South Arabia that existed in what is now southeast Yemen from 1967 until its unification with the Yemen Arab Republic in 199 ...

and is now part of the Republic of

Yemen Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in West Asia. Located in South Arabia, southern Arabia, it borders Saudi Arabia to Saudi Arabia–Yemen border, the north, Oman to Oman–Yemen border, the northeast, the south-eastern part ...

History

It was not until the question of demarcating the northeastern frontier of Beihan arose that the British would have any intercourse with it. In December 1903 a treaty was concluded with Sharif Ahmed bin Muhsin. This treaty was considered to include the Ahl Masabein in its terms. He drew a monthly stipend of 30 dollars. In June 1930 the troops of the Imam of Sanaa who had advanced to the Harib district, north-west of Beihan, with headquarters at Al Joba and Darb al Ali, began to encroach on Al Ain, which is inhabited by Masabi tribesmen. In 1955, sometime before the 1st of July, Beihan settled a border treaty with North Yemen. The emirate was abolished in 1967.

Geography

Beihan lies to the north of the Beidha district and north-west of the Upper Aulaqi country. It lies on either side of the Wadi Beihan, in the valley of which the bulk of the population reside. The lower portion of the Wadi Beihan is occupied by the Sharif and his relations together with the Bal Harith tribe and the upper portion by the Ahl Masabein, a powerful tribe, who form the bulk of the fighting men in Beihan. The headquarters of the Sharif is at An Nuqub, of the Bal Harith at As Seilan and of the Masabein at Beihan al Qasab. Beihan is a valley connected between Al Bayda in the north-west, Ma'rib in the east and Ataq in the south. It is a fertile valley irrigated by water streams fall from the northern mountains as well as from the dug wells. The main cultivated crops are dates, cereals and citrus and people depend on livestock to a large extent to survive. Nonetheless, people increasingly adopt trade and exchange commerce; in addition to incorporate to the government business.

Inhabitants

Bayhan valley historically had several main groups. The Musabein Tribe living in the south which was dominated by Al-Saleh (Ahmed Saif tribe) and the Alfatima (Naji Alawi tribe). These two factions were engaged in constant feuds. Historically the middle of the valley was populated by the Al-Habieli family, descendants of the Prophet, who arrived in the valley in the late 1600s. They had been sent by the Imam of Yemen to protect the trade routes. The Al-Habieli family are direct descendants of the first, al Hadi Yahya bin Hussein, and seventh, Qassim al Mansur bin Abdullah, Imams of

Sana'a Sanaa, officially the Sanaa Municipality, is the ''de jure'' capital and largest city of Yemen. The city is the capital of the Sanaa Governorate, but is not part of the governorate, as it forms a separate administrative unit. At an elevation ...

. The north of the valley was dominated by the Balharith Tribe who were also continuously fighting one another as to who was their paramount sheik and like the Masabin also split into 2 main branches. In 1931, the population was estimated at 11,000.

Rulers

The ruling Al-Habieli family, recognized by the

Hashimite The Hashemites (), also House of Hashim, are the royal family of Jordan, which they have ruled since 1921, and were the royal family of the kingdoms of Hejaz (1916–1925), Syria (1920), and Iraq (1921–1958). The family had ruled the city of Me ...

Grand Sharifs of Mecca as related, established themselves as religious leaders in Bayhan in 1680 and became independent. The Hashemite Emirate of Bayhan was included in the Western Aden Protectorate before joining the Federation of Arab Emirates of the South on 11/2/1959 and the Federation of South Arabia on 4/4/1962. The Emirate was abolished by revolutionary Yemen in 7/1967 (the People's Republic of South Yemen on 30/11/1967). Capital was Naqub. Al Amir ( Prince ) Khalid Saleh Hussein Al-Habieli is current dynastic head of the family.

Emirs

The former rulers were: * Muqbil, 1st Amir of Bayhan 1680- * Emir Hasan. * Emir Ghaib c.1750 - 1800 Amir Ghalib. * Emir Hussein c.1800 - 1820 Amir Hussein. * .... - .... Emir al Habieli. * Emir Thaifallah. * Emir Mubarak. * .... - 1903 Emir Muhsin * Sharif Emir Ahmad Muhsin Al Habieli, Amir of Bayhan 1903-abdicated 1935, independent c 1900. Father of: HE * Sharif Sultan Hussein Ahmad Al Habieli, Regent of the Hashemite Emirate of Bayhan 1935-1967, formerly Minister of Interior of the Federation of South Arabia. HE Sharif Hussein was married to Halima, daughter of the Sheikh of the Musabein tribe. Their son, * HH Sharif Emir Saleh Bin Hussein Al Habieli (1935-Feb 2010), Emir of Bayhan, deprived of ruling powers on 28/8/1967 by revolutionary Yemen (the People's Republic of South Yemen on 30/11/1967). *Prince Khalid Bin Saleh Bin Hussein Al-Habieli. Current Prince ( Feb 2010–Present ).

References

External links

Map of Arabia (1905-1923) including the states of Aden Protectorate
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beihan, Emirate of Former emirates States in the Aden Protectorate Federation of South Arabia 1680 establishments in Asia 17th century in Yemen 18th century in Yemen 19th century in Yemen 20th century in Yemen es:Beihan fr:Beihan