This is a list of rulers of
Damascus
Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...
from ancient times to the present.
:''General context:
History of Damascus''.
Aram Damascus
Aram-Damascus ( ) was an Aramean polity that existed from the late-12th century BCE until 732 BCE, and was centred around the city of Damascus in the Southern Levant. Alongside various tribal lands, it was bounded in its later years by the po ...
*
Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
*
Tabrimmon
*
Ben-Hadad I
Ben-Hadad I (), son of Tabrimmon and grandson of Hezion, was king of Aram-Damascus between 885 BCE and 865 BCE. Ben-Hadad I was reportedly a contemporary of kings Baasha of the Kingdom of Israel and Asa of the Kingdom of Judah.
According to ...
(c. 885 BCE–c. 865 BC)
*
Hadadezer
Hadadezer ( ; " he godHadad is help"); also known as Adad-Idri (), and possibly the same as Bar- or Ben-Hadad II, was the king of Aram-Damascus between 865 and 842 BC.
The Hebrew Bible states that Hadadezer (which the biblical text calls ''ben H ...
(c. 865 BC–c. 842 BC)
*
Hazael
Hazael (; ; Old Aramaic 𐤇𐤆𐤀𐤋 ''Ḥzʔl'') was a king of Aram-Damascus mentioned in the Bible. Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of contemporary Syria and Israel-Samaria. While he was likely ...
(c. 842 BC–c. 804 BC)
*
Ben-Hadad III (c. 796 BC)
*Tab-El (c. 770 BC)
*Rezon II (c. 740 BC–732 BC)
Period of non-independence
*to
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC t ...
(732 BC–609 BC)
**Ilu-Ittia (c. 8th century BC)
*to
Babylon
Babylon ( ) was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about south of modern-day Baghdad. Babylon functioned as the main cultural and political centre of the Akkadian-s ...
(609 BC–539 BC)
*to Persian
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (; , , ), was an Iranian peoples, Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC. Based in modern-day Iran, i ...
(539 BC–332 BC)
*to
Macedon
Macedonia ( ; , ), also called Macedon ( ), was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal ...
(332 BC–323 BC)
*to
Antigonids (323 BC–301 BC)
*to
Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (; , ) or Ptolemaic Empire was an ancient Greek polity based in Ancient Egypt, Egypt during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 305 BC by the Ancient Macedonians, Macedonian Greek general Ptolemy I Soter, a Diadochi, ...
(301 BC–198 BC)
*to
Seleucids
The Seleucid Empire ( ) was a Greek state in West Asia during the Hellenistic period. It was founded in 312 BC by the Macedonian general Seleucus I Nicator, following the division of the Macedonian Empire founded by Alexander the Great, ...
(198 BC–167 BC)
*to
Ituraea (167 BC–110 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids)
*to the
Decapolis
The Decapolis (Greek: ) was a group of ten Greek Hellenistic cities on the eastern frontier of the Greek and late Roman Empire in the Southern Levant in the first centuries BC and AD. Most of the cities were located to the east of the Jordan ...
(110 BC–85 BC) (Semi independent from Seleucids)
*to
Nabataea (85 BC–64 BC)
*to the
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic ( ) was the era of Ancient Rome, classical Roman civilisation beginning with Overthrow of the Roman monarchy, the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establis ...
/
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of ...
/
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...
(64 BC–635)
**to the
Ghassanids
The Ghassanids, also known as the Jafnids, were an Tribes of Arabia, Arab tribe. Originally from South Arabia, they migrated to the Levant in the 3rd century and established what would eventually become a Christian state, Christian kingdom unde ...
(529–584; ?–635)
Rashidun
The Rashidun () are the first four caliphs () who led the Muslim community following the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali ().
The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered i ...
period
*
Khalid ibn al-Walid
Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; died 642) was a 7th-century Arabs, Arab military commander. He initially led campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career ...
(635–636)
*
Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah (636–637)
*
Amr ibn al-Aas
Amr ibn al-As ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi (664) was an Arab commander and companion of Muhammad who led the Muslim conquest of Egypt and served as its governor in 640–646 and 658–664. The son of a wealthy Qurayshite, Amr embraced Islam in and was ...
(637–640)
*
Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan
Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan ibn Harb ibn Umayya (; died 639) was a leading Arab Muslim commander in the conquest of Syria from 634 until his death in the plague of Amwas in 639. Following the capture of Damascus around 635, he was placed in command of ...
(640)
*
Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640–661)
Umayyad
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (, ; ) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty. Uthman ibn Affan, the third of the Rashidun caliphs, was also a membe ...
period
*
Muawiyah I
Mu'awiya I (–April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and immediately after the four Rashid ...
ibn Abu Sufyan (661–680)
*
Yazid I
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (; 11 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from April 680 until his death in November 683. His appointment by his father Mu'awiya I () was the first ...
ibn Muawiyah (680–683)
*
Muawiya II
Mu'awiya ibn Yazid ibn Mu'awiya (; –684), commonly known as Mu'awiya II, was the third Umayyad caliph, ruling for less than a year in 683–684.
He succeeded his father Yazid I as the third caliph and last caliph of the Sufyanid line in the ...
ibn Yazid (683–684)
*
Marwan I
Marwan ibn al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As ibn Umayya (; 623 or 626April/May 685), commonly known as MarwanI, was the fourth Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad caliph, ruling for less than a year in 684–685. He founded the Marwanid ruling house of the Umayyad ...
ibn Hakam (684–685)
*
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan ibn al-Hakam (; July/August 644 or June/July 647 – 9 October 705) was the fifth Umayyad caliph, ruling from April 685 until his death in October 705. A member of the first generation of born Muslims, his early life in ...
(685–705)
*
al-Walid I
Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (; – 23 February 715), commonly known as al-Walid I (), was the sixth Umayyad caliph, ruling from October 705 until his death in 715. He was the eldest son of his predecessor, Caliph Abd al-Malik (). As ...
ibn Abd al-Malik (705–715)
*
Suleiman
Suleiman (; or dictionary.reference.comsuleiman/ref>) is the Arabic name of the Jewish and Quranic king and Islam, Islamic prophet Solomon (name), Solomon.
Suleiman the Magnificent (1494–1566) was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman E ...
ibn Abd al-Malik (715–717)
*
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan (; February 720) was the eighth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 717 until his death in 720. He is credited to have instituted significant reforms to the Umayyad central government, by making it much more efficient and ...
(717–720)
*
Yazid II
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (; — 26 January 724), commonly known as Yazid II, was the ninth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 720 until his death in 724. Although he lacked administrative or military experience, he derived prestige from his ...
ibn Abd al-Malik (720–724)
*
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (; 6 February 743) was the tenth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 724 until his death in 743.
Early life
Hisham was born in Damascus, the administrative capital of the Umayyad Caliphate, in AH 72 (691–692 CE). Hi ...
(724–743)
*
al-Walid II
Al-Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (; 70917 April 744), commonly known as al-Walid II, was the eleventh Umayyad caliph, ruling from 743 until his assassination in 744. He succeeded his uncle, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik.
Birth and background
Al-W ...
ibn Yazid II (743–744)
*
Yazid III
Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (; 701 – 3/4 October 744), commonly known as Yazid III, was the twelfth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 744 until his death months later.
Birth and background
Yazid was the member of the influential Umayyad d ...
ibn al-Walid (744)
*
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744)
*
Marwan II
Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan (; – 6 August 750), commonly known as Marwan II, was the fourteenth and last caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 744 until his death. His reign was dominated by a Third Fitna, civil war, and he was the l ...
ibn Muhammad (ruled from
Harran
Harran is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 904 km2, and its population is 96,072 (2022). It is approximately southeast of Urfa and from the Syrian border crossing at Akçakale.
...
in the
Jazira
Jazira, al-Jazira, Jazeera, al-Jazeera, etc. are all transcriptions of Arabic language, Arabic meaning "the island" or "the peninsula".
The term may refer to:
Business
*Jazeera Airways, an airlines company based in Kuwait
Locations
* Al-Jazir ...
, 744–750)
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 C ...
period
*
Abdallah ibn Ali (750–754)
*
Salih ibn Ali (754)
*
Abd al-Wahhab ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad al-Abbasi (754–764)
*
Al-Fadl ibn Salih (766–775)
*
Abu Ja'far Harun ibn al-Mahdi (783–786)
*
Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 785)
*
Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Imam (?–788)
*
Ibrahim ibn as-Salih ibn Ali (c. 788–791)
*
Musa ibn Isa (c. 792)
*
Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (c. 792)
*
Abd al-Malik ibn Salih (793–795)
*
Ishaq ibn Isa ibn Ali (c. 795–?)
*
Shu'ayb ibn Khazim (802–803)
*
Ja'far ibn Yahya
Jafar ibn Yahya Barmaki or Jafar al-Barmaki (, , Jafar bin yaḥyā) (767–803), also called Aba-Fadl, was a Persian vizier of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid, succeeding his father ( Yahya ibn Khalid) in that position. He was a member of the ...
(803)
*Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibn Muhammad (803–804)
*
Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (804–805)
*
Yahya ibn Mu'adh ibn Muslim (c. 806)
*Ali ibn al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba (807–809)
*
Mansur ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (809–810)
*Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Harashi (810)
*
Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (810)
*
Muhammad ibn Salih ibn Bayhas (813–823 or 824/825)
*Ma'yuf ibn Yahya ibn Ma'yuf al-Hamdani or Sadaqa ibn Uthman al-Murri (appointed by viceroy
Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani) (825–?)
*
Abu Ishaq Muhammad ibn Harun al-Rashid (c. 828)
*Dinar ibn Abd Allah (c. 839)
*Muhammed ibn al-Jahm al-Sami (c. 839)
*Musa ibn Ibrahim al Rafiqi (c. 842)
*Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841–847)
*
Malik ibn Tawk (847–850)
*
Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad ibn al-Mutawakkil (850–855)
*al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856–861)
*Yunus ibn Tarja (c. 861)
*Isa ibn Muhammad al-Nawshari (861–866)
*Salih ibn al-Abbasi al-Turki (c. 866)
*Ahmad ibn Khalil al Shaybani (c. 866)
*Yamkjur al-Turki (c. 869)
*Asram al-Turki (c. 870)
*
Isa ibn al-Shaykh al-Shaybani, rebel governor (c. 870)
*
Amajur al-Turki (870–878)
*to
Tulunid
The Tulunid State, also known as the Tulunid Emirate or The State of Banu Tulun, and popularly referred to as the Tulunids () was a Mamluk dynasty of Turkic origin who was the first independent dynasty to rule Egypt, as well as much of Syria, s ...
Egypt (877–904)
**
Ali ibn Amajur al-Turki (878)
**Ahmad ibn Wasif
**
Tughj ibn Juff (896–905)
*Abbasid restoration:
**
Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh (905–906)
**al-Rashidi (928–931)
**
Muhammad ibn Tughj (931–935)
*to
Ikhshidid
The Ikhshidid dynasty (, ) was a Turkic dynasty of governors of mamluk origin, who governed Egypt and parts of the Levant from 935 to 969 on behalf of the Abbasid Caliphate. The dynasty carried the Arabic title "Wāli" reflecting their position a ...
Egypt (935–969), except for:
**
Muhammad Ibn Ra'iq (939–942)
**Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943–945)
**
Sayf al-Dawla
ʿAlī ibn ʾAbū'l-Hayjāʾ ʿAbdallāh ibn Ḥamdān ibn Ḥamdūn ibn al-Ḥārith al-Taghlibī (, 22 June 916 – 8 February 967), more commonly known simply by his honorific of Sayf al-Dawla (, ), was the founder of the Emirate of Aleppo, ...
(briefly in 945 and 947)
Fatimid
The Fatimid Caliphate (; ), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimid dynasty, Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty. Spanning a large area of North Africa ...
emirs
*
Abu Ali Ja'far ibn Fallah al-Kutami (970–971)
;
Qarmatian occupation of Damascus
*Zalim ibn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973–974)
*Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
*Rayn al-Mu'izzi (974)
*
Alptakin al-Mu'izzi (975–978)
*Qassam al-Turab (978–983)
;Fatimid recovery of Damascus
*Baltakin al-Turki (983)
*
Bakjur (983–991)
*Ya'qub as-Saqlabi (991)
*
Manjutakin (993–996)
*Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
*Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997–998)
*Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998–1000)
*Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000–1002)
*
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002–1004)
*Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004–1009)
*Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
*Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010–1011)
*Badr al-Attar (1011–1012)
*Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012–1014)
*Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015–1021)
*Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021–1023)
*Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023–1024)
*Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024–1028)
*
Anushtakin ad-Dizbari (1028–1041)
*
Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1041–1048)
*Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048–1049)
*
Rifq al-Khadim (1049)
*Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049–1058)
*Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
*
Nasir ad-Dawlah al-Hamdani (1058–1060)
*Sebuq Tegin (1060)
*Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060–1061)
*Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
*Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
*Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061–1063)
*
Badr al-Jamali (1063)
*Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063–1067)
*Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068–1069)
*Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069–1071)
*Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075–1076)
Seljuk Seljuk (, ''Selcuk'') or Saljuq (, ''Saljūq'') may refer to:
* Seljuk Empire (1051–1153), a medieval empire in the Middle East and central Asia
* Seljuk dynasty (c. 950–1307), the ruling dynasty of the Seljuk Empire and subsequent polities
* S ...
emirs
*
Atsiz ibn Abaq (1076–1079)
*
Tutush I
Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan of Damascus from 1092 to 1094.
Years under Malik Shah
Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I. In ...
(1079–1095)
*
Duqaq, son of Tutush I (1095–1104)
*
Tutush II, son of Duqaq (1104)
*
Irtash, son of Tutush I (1104)
Burid emirs
*
Toghtekin
Zahir al-Din Toghtekin or Tughtekin (Modern ; Arabicised epithet: ''Zahir ad-Din Tughtikin''; died February 12, 1128), also spelled Tughtegin, was a Turkoman military leader, who was ''emir'' of Damascus from 1104 to 1128. He was the founder ...
(1104–1128)
*
Taj al-Muluk Buri (1128–1132)
*
Shams al-Mulk Isma'il (1132–1135)
*
Shihab ad-Din Mahmud (1135–1139)
*
Jamal ad-Din Muhammad (1139–1140)
*
Mu'in ad-Din Unur (Regent, 1140–1149)
*
Mujir ad-Din Abaq (1140–1154)
Zengid
atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the ti ...
s
*
Nur ad-Din Mahmud (1154–1174)
*
As-Salih Ismail al-Malik (1174)
Ayyubid
The Ayyubid dynasty (), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultan of Egypt, Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid Caliphate of Egyp ...
emirs (some were also sultans of Egypt)
* Saladin (1174–1186)
* Al-Afdal ibn Salah al-din, Al-Afdal (1186–1196), Son of Saladin
* Al-Adil I (1196–1218)
* Al-Mu'azzam Isa, Al-Mu'azzam (1218–1227)
* An-Nasir Dawud (1227–1229)
* Al-Ashraf Musa, Emir of Damascus, Al-Ashraf (1229–1237)
* as-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, As-Salih Ismail (1237)
* Al-Kamil (1237–1238)
* Al-Adil II (1238–1239)
* As-Salih Ayyub (1239)
* as-Salih Ismail, Emir of Damascus, As-Salih Ismail (1239–1245)
* As-Salih Ayyub (1245–1249)
* Al-Muazzam Turanshah (1249–1250)
* An-Nasir Yusuf (1250–1260)
Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk na'ibs
*Sanjar as-Salihi (August/September 1260–October 1260)
[Sato, p. 79.]
*Taybars al-Waziri (October 1260–1264)
*Aqqush as-Salihi (1264–)
*Sunqur al-Ashqar (1279–1280)
*Lajin, Lajin al-Ashqar (1280–?)
*Aqush Bey (c. 1290s)
*Izz ad-Din Aybak (?–1296)
*Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296–1297)
*Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297–1299)
*Aqqush al-Afram (1299–1309)
*Tankiz, Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz an-Nasiri (1312–1340)
*Yilbugha an-Nasiri (1340–1350)
*Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
*Tash Timur (c. 1380)
*Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?–1393)
*Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393–1399)
*Sudun (1399–1400)
*occupied by Timur (1400–1401)
*Taghribirdi az-Zahiri (1401–?)
*Sayf ad-Din Jaqmaq (1418–1420)
*Kijmas (c. 1470s)
*Ghazali Arab (c. 16th century)
*Sibai (c. 16th century)
*Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516–1517)
*Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)
Ottoman Empire, Ottoman walis
*Yunus Pasha (c. 1516)
*Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518–1521)
*Ayas Mehmed Pasha (1521–1522)
*Serdar Ferhad Pasha, Ferhad Pasha (1522–1523)
*Hurram Pasha (1523–1525)
*Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525–1526)
*Lutf Pasha (1526–1528)
*Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528–1531)
*Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531–1534)
*Lutf Pasha (1534–1535)
*Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535)
*Muhammad Kuzal Pasha (1536–1537)
*Topal Sulayman Pasha (1537–1538)
*Ahmed Pasha I (1538–1539)
*Qese Husrau Pasha (1539–1541)
*Isa Pasha (1541–1543)
*Piri Pasha (1543–1545)
*Sinan Pasha al-Tuwashi (1545–1548)
*Piri Pasha (1550–1551)
*Muhammad Pasha Bartaki (1551–1552)
*Şemsi Pasha (1552–1555)
*Hizr Pasha (1555–1561)
*Ali Pasha Lankun (1561–1563)
*Khusrau Pasha I (1563)
*Lala Mustafa Pasha (1563–1569)
*Seytan Murad Pasha, Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569)
*Ali Pasha Lankun (1569–1570)
*Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570–1571)
*Darwish Pasha (governor of Damascus), Darwish Pasha (1571–1574)
*Lala Jafar Pasha (1574–1575)
*Murad Pasha (1575–1577)
*Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1577–1581)
*Bahram Pasha (1581–1582)
*Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić (1582–1583)
*Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1583)
*Qubad Sulayman Pasha (1584)
*Üveys Pasha (1584–1585)
*Elvendoglu Ali Pasha (October 1585–1586)
*Üveys Pasha (1586–1587)
*Muhammad Pasha Farhad (1587–1588)
*Üveys Pasha (1588–1589)
*Elwanzade Ali Pasha (1589–1590)
*Koca Sinan Pasha (1590)
*Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1590–1591)
*Mustafa Pasha I (1591–1592)
*Khalil Pasha (fl. 1592–1593), Khalil Pasha (1592–1593)
*Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593–1594)
*Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha (1594)
*Kuyucu Murad Pasha (1594–1595)
*Khusrau Pasha II (1595–1596)
*Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596–1597)
*Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1597–1598)
*Ahmed Pasha II (1598)
*Ahmed Pasha III (1598)
*Khusrau Pasha II (1599)
*Emir Mehmed Pasha (1599–1600)
*Osman Pasha (1601–1603)
*Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603–1604)
*Mustafa Pasha II (1604–1607)
*Mahmud Pasha (1607–1608)
*Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608–1609)
*Hafız Ahmed Pasha, Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609–1615)
*Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615–1618)
*Hafız Ahmed Pasha, Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618–1619)
*Mustafa Pasha III (1619–1620)
*Sulayman Pasha I (1620–1621)
*Murtaza Pasha Bustanji (1621–1622)
*Mehmed Pasha Rushand (1622–1623)
*Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623–1624)
*Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624–1625)
*Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625–1626)
*Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626–1628)
*Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1628–1629)
*Mustafa Pasha IV (1629–1630)
*Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630–1631)
*Ilyas Pasha (1632–1633)
*Deli Yusuf Pasha (1633–1635)
*Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1635–1636)
*Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1636–1638)
*Mustafa Pasha IV (1638–1639)
*Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639–1640)
*Mehmed Pasha I (1640–1641)
*Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641–1642)
*Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642–1643)
*Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643)
*Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643–1644)
*Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644–1645)
*Ibrahim Pasha I (1645)
*Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645–1646)
*Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
*Silahdar Yusuf Pasha (1646–1647)
*Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647)
*Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648)
*Ibşir Mustafa Pasha (1649)
*Mehmed Pasha II (1649–1650)
*Silahdar Murtaza Pasha (1650)
*Sivaslı Mustafa Pasha (1650)
*Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1650–1652)
*Defterzade Mehmed Pasha (1653–1655)
*Kara Murat Pasha (1655; died before taking office)
*Haseki Mehmed Pasha (1656)
*Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (1659–1661)
*Sulayman Pasha II (1661–1663)
*Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663–1665)
*Salih Pasha I (1665–1666)
*Qara Mustafa Pasha (1666–1667)
*Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu (1667–1669)
*Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan (1669–1671)
*Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671–1672)
*Qara Mehmed Pasha (1672–1673)
*Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673–1674)
*Qer Husein Pasha (1674–1675)
*Ibrahim Pasha II (1675–1676)
*Bosniak Osman Pasha (1676–1679)
*Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679–1683)
*Ibrahim Pasha III (1684)
*Bosniak Osman Pasha (1684–1685)
*Kaplan Pasha (1686–1687)
*Arap Salih Pasha (1687–1688)
*Hamza Pasha, beylerbey of Egypt, Hamza Pasha (1688–1689)
*Bozoklu Mustafa Pasha (1690)
*Murtaza Pasha (1690–1691)
*Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691–1692)
*Çelebi Ismail Pasha (1692–1693)
*Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693–1694)
*Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695–1696)
*Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696–1697)
*Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai (1697–1698)
*Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699)
*Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700)
*Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701)
*Salih Agha (1702)
*Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1702–1703)
*Osman Pasha Arnavud (1703)
*Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703–1704)
*Defterdar Mustafa Pasha (1704)
*Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704–1705)
*Mehmed Pasha Kurd-Bayram (1705–1706)
* (1706–1707)
*Yusuf Pasha Qapudan (1707–1708)
*Nasuh Pasha al-Aydini (1708–1714)
*Topal Yusuf Pasha (1714–1716)
*Moralı Ibrahim Pasha, Kapudan Ibrahim Pasha (1716–1717)
*Köprülü Abdullah Pasha (1717–1718)
*Recep Pasha (1718–1719)
*Çerkes Osman Pasha, Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1719–1721)
*Ali Pasha Maqtuloğlu (1721–1723)
*Çerkes Osman Pasha, Çerkes Osman Pasha Abu Tawq (1723–1725)
*Ismail Pasha al-Azm (1725–November/December 1730)
*Muhsinzâde Abdullah Pasha (November/December 1730–December 1730)
*Ayndınlı Abdullah Pasha (December 1730–1734)
*Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1734–1738)
*Hüseyin Pasha Bostancı (1738–1739)
*Muhassıl Osman Pasha (1739–1740)
*Abdî Pashazâde Ali Pasha (1740–1741)
*Sulayman Pasha al-Azm (1741–1743)
*As'ad Pasha al-Azm (1743–1757)
*Husayn Pasha ibn Makki (1757–1758)
*Çeteci Abdullah Pasha (1758–1759)
*Muhammad Pasha al-Shalik (1759–1760)
*Uthman Pasha al-Kurji (1760–1771)
*Muhammad Pasha al-Azm (1771–1772)
*Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanji (1773–1783)
*Mehmed Pasha al-Kurji (1783)
*Darwish Pasha al-Kurji (1783–1784)
*Jazzar Pasha, Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1784–1786)
*Husayn Pasha Battal (1786–1787)
*Keki Abdi Pasha, Abdi Pasha (1787–1788)
*Ibrahim Pasha al-Dalati (1788–1789)
*Jazzar Pasha, Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1790–1795)
*Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1795–1798)
*Jazzar Pasha, Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1798–1799)
*Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1799–1803)
*Jazzar Pasha, Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (1803–1804)
*Abdullah Pasha al-Azm (1804–1807)
*Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807–1810)
*Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1810–1812)
*Silahdar Süleyman Pasha (February 1812–May 1816)
[Douwes, 2000, p. 58.]
*Sulayman Pasha al-Adil (1816; interim)
*Hafiz Amasyali Ali Pasha (1816–March 1817)
*Salih Pasha (fl. 1817), Salih Pasha (March 1817–1817)
*Izmirli Süleyman Pasha (1817–1819)
*Dervish Mehmed Pasha (governor), Dervish Mehmed Pasha (1819–1822)
*Beylanli Mustafa Pasha (June 1822–April 1823)
*Salih Pasha (fl. 1823–1824), Salih Pasha (April 1823–January 1824)
*Muftizade Ahmed Pasha (1824–May 1824)
*Haci Veliyeddin Pasha (1825–1826)
*Hakki Ismail Pasha (October 1826–1827)
*Izmirli Haci Salih Pasha (1827–1828)
*Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1828–1831)
*Mehmed Selim Pasha (1831–1832)
*to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire
**Ahmed Bey (1831–1832)
**Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, Ibrahim Pasha (1832)
**Muhammad Sharif Pasha al-Kabir (1832–1838)
**vacant (1838–1840)
*Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1840–1841)
*Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841–1844)
*Mehmed Namık Pasha (1845–1846)
*Riza Pasha (1845–1846)
*Musa Sefveti Pasha (1846)
*Namiq Pasha (1848)
*Mehmed Namık Pasha (1848–1850)
*Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850–1852)
*Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1852)
*Açaf Pasha (1852–1854)
*Arif Mehmed Pasha (1854–1855)
*Mehmed Namık Pasha (1855)
*Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1855–1857)
*Izzet Ahmed Pasha (1857)
*Ali Pasha II (1858)
*Mu'amer Pasha (1860)
*Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1860–1861)
*Ahmed Pasha IV (1861)
*Emin Muhlis Pasha (1861–1862)
*Mehmed Rashid Pasha, Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862–1864)
*Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864–1865)
*Rashid Pasha (governor of Syria), Reshid Pasha (1865–1871)
*Subhi Pasha (1871–1873)
*Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha (1873–1874)
*Ahmed Esad Pasha, Esad Pasha (1874–1875)
*Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1875–1876)
*Ahmed Pasha V (1876–1877)
*Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1877–1878)
*Midhat Pasha (13 November 1878–1 August 1880)
*Hamdi Pasha (1880–1885)
*Rashid Nashid Pasha (1885–1888)
*Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888–1889)
*Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889–1891)
*Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (1891–1892)
*Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha (1892–1894)
*Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894–1895)
*Hasan Pasha II (1896–1897)
*Hüseyin Nâzım Pasha (1897–1906)
*Shukri Pasha (1906–1909)
*Ismail Fazil Bey (1909–1911)
*Ismail Ghalib Bey (1911–1912)
*Kiazim Pasha (1912–1913)
*Arif Bey (1913)
*Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
*Jamal Pasha (1915)
*Azmi Pasha (1915–1916)
*Hasan Tahsin Uzer, Tahsin Bey (1916–1918)
*Mehmed Gabriel Pasha (1918)
*Shukri Pasha (October 1–2, 1918)
Arab Kingdom of Syria
*Faisal I of Iraq, Faisal (1918–1920)
Capital of Syria
*French Syria (1920–1946)
*Second Syrian Republic, Republic of Syria (1946–1958)
*United Arab Republic (1958–1961)
*Ba'athist Syria, Syrian Arab Republic (Ba'athist) (1961–2024)
*Syria, Syrian Arab Republic (2024–present)
See also
* Timeline of Damascus
*List of rulers of Aleppo
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rulers Of Damascus
Lists of rulers in Asia, Damascus
Ottoman governors of Damascus,
Syria history-related lists, Rulers of Damascus
Emirs of Damascus,
Lists of governors in Asia, Damascus
Lists of Ottoman governors, Damascus