Emin Khoja (, ), alternatively rendered as Amīn Khoja and Emin Khwaja, was an Uighur leader from

Turpan Turpan () or Turfan ( zh, s=吐鲁番) is a prefecture-level city located in the east of the Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of Xinjiang, China. It has an area of and a population of 693,988 (2020). The historical center of the ...

who revolted against the

Dzungar Khanate The Dzungar Khanate ( Mongolian: ), also known as the Zunghar Khanate or Junggar Khanate, was an Inner Asian khanate of Oirat Mongol origin. At its greatest extent, it covered an area from southern Siberia in the north to present-day Kyrgyz ...

in 1720, while the Dzungars under

Tsewang Rabtan Tsewang Rabtan (from ''Tsewang Rapten''; ; Mongolian: ; 1643–1727) was a Choros prince and the Khong Tayiji of the Dzungar Khanate from 1697 (following the death of his uncle and rival Galdan Boshugtu Khan) until his death in 1727. He w ...

were being attacked by the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

in the

Dzungar–Qing Wars The Dzungar–Qing Wars (, ) were a decades-long series of conflicts that pitted the Dzungar Khanate against the Qing dynasty and its Mongol vassals. Fighting took place over a wide swath of Inner Asia, from present-day central and eastern Mong ...

. Emin Khoja submitted to the Qing dynasty. Uighur Muslims like Emin Khoja from Turfan revolted against their Dzungar Buddhist rulers and pledged allegiance to the Qing dynasty to deliver them from Dzungar Buddhist rule. The Qing eventually eliminated the Dzungars in the Dzungar genocide. Emin Khoja was "arguably the most prominent Muslim collaborator in the Qing imperial expansion into Central Asia". Emin Khoja collaborated with the Qing dynasty against the Dzungars from 1755, contributing 300 soldiers to the Qing campaign against the Dzungars in the Ili region. Emin Khoja also allied with the Qing to crush the Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas led by Burhan-ud-din and Khan Khoja, and drove them to

Badakhshan Badakhshan is a historical region comprising the Wakhan Corridor in northeast Afghanistan, eastern Tajikistan, and Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in China. Badakhshan Province is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan. Much of historic ...

. The Qing armies reached far into Central Asia and came to the outskirts of

Tashkent Tashkent (), also known as Toshkent, is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Uzbekistan, largest city of Uzbekistan. It is the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population of more than 3 million people as of April 1, 2024. I ...

while the Kazakh rulers made their submissions as vassals to the Qing dynasty. Emin Khoja received the official Chinese noble title of '' Fuguo gong'' (輔國公, "Duke Who Assists the State"). He was left as semi-autonomous ruler of Turpan and later appointed as ruler of Yarkand in the newly created province of Nan-lu (Southern Road) in 1760. The Emin Minaret was built by his son and successor Suleiman in 1777 in the memory of his father. It is the tallest minaret in China. File:Turpan-minarete-emir-d07.jpg, Minaret of

ruler Emin Khoja, built by his son and successor Suleiman in 1777 in the memory of his father (tallest minaret in China) File:E Min Tower.JPG, Emin Minaret File:Сражение_при_Ешилькуле,_1759,_уйгуры-кашкарцыvsманьчжуро-монголы-ханьцы.jpg, Emin Khoja fought alongside the Qing (right) in the repression of the Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas

References

{{reflist 1690s births 1777 deaths Uyghur people Qing dynasty Muslims People from Turpan