Emilian Bucov or Bukov (; – 17 October 1984) was a

Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

and Moldavian writer and poet, recognized with the State Prize of the Moldavian SSR and honorary title of

People's Writer People's Writer is a honorary title to distinguished writers. The title originated in the Soviet Union and was granted by the Republics of the Soviet Union and the Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics. Some post-Soviet states The post-Sovi ...

of the

Moldavian SSR The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR (, mo-Cyrl, Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ), also known as the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, Moldovan SSR, Soviet Moldavia, Sovie ...

(1982). He studied at the Bucharest University and took part in underground communist movement. Bukov was awarded the

Hero of Socialist Labour The Hero of Socialist Labour () was an Title of honor, honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievem ...

in 1979 for his work, the

Order of Lenin The Order of Lenin (, ) was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet ...

medal twice and the

Order of the Red Banner of Labour The Order of the Red Banner of Labour () was an order of the Soviet Union established to honour great deeds and services to the Soviet state and society in the fields of production, science, culture, literature, the arts, education, sports ...

, twice.

Biography

Professional and political activity

He was born in a poor Lipovan and Moldovan family, he graduated from, after overcoming material difficulties, the "B.P. Hașdeu" lyceum in Chișinău (1930) and then, the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the

University of Bucharest The University of Bucharest (UB) () is a public university, public research university in Bucharest, Romania. It was founded in its current form on by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy of Bucharest, P ...

(1936). As a student, he became a member of the

Union of Communist Youth The Union of Communist Youth ( Romanian: '; UTC) was the Romanian Communist Party's youth organisation. Like many Young Communist organisations, it was modelled after the Soviet Komsomol. It aimed to cultivate young cadres into the party, as ...

and unlawfully carries out various political activities. From 1940 he fled to

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

and contributes through his lyrics to the dissemination of anti-Romanian Bolshevik slogans. Established in 1944 in

Chișinău Chișinău ( , , ; formerly known as Kishinev) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Moldova, largest city of Moldova. The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre, and is located in the middle of the coun ...

, he was considered one of the leading activist writers in

. He was the chairperson of the Writers' Union (1945-1946, 1955-1958), deputy chairperson of the Soviet Ministries of the MSR (1947-1951), editor-in-chief of the ''Nistru'' magazine (1966-1971). He was awarded the State Prize of Moldova (1966), entitled

(1979) and The People's Writer (1982).

Writings

Bucov collaborated with the left wing or avant-garde magazines; his first writing was a translation from Russian language, published in 1933 in Herald. He then continues to publish lyrics and prose at the Literary and Artistic Truth (Adevărul literar și artistic), the Free Word (Cuvîntul Liber), the Torch (Făclia) and the Society of Tomorrow (Societatea de Mâine), signing either Bâcov or Bucov. He published in the Free Word weekly a "moderate left article"; the weekly under the leadership of

Tudor Teodorescu-Braniște Tudor Teodorescu-Braniște (April 12, 1899 – March 23, 1969) was a Romanian journalist. He was editor at a number of newspapers, including ''Cuvântul Liber (1924), Cuvântul Liber'' from 1933 to 1936, ''Aurora'', ''Adevărul'' and, from 1944 ...

was published 1933 by the end of 1936 and where he signed his articles as Radu Bîcov-Emilian in which deplored the situation of the exploited workers or calling them for strikes.Ov. S. Crohmălniceanu, ''Literatura română între cele două războaie mondiale'', vol. I, Editura Minerva, București, 1972, pp. 161-162, 164. His lyric looks like was produced by a vocal rioter, which announces the "Parnassus sunset," and rejects the bourgeois poetry (including the Eminescu), cultivating and promoting the firebrand proletarian thematics. The model was the Soviet poetry of that time, especially the one of

Vladimir Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky ( – 14 April 1930) was a Russian poet, playwright, artist, and actor. During his early, Russian Revolution, pre-Revolution period leading into 1917, Mayakovsky became renowned as a prominent figure of the Ru ...

, which he translated and whom made popular. He gathered his lyrics from the Romanian period in the “Speech of the Sun” (Discursul Soarelui) volumes (1937) and

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

(1938). The Soviet period began in 1942 in

, where the volumes containing violent anti-Romanian lyrics appeared. It is the guideline that has been preserved for four decades, the time when he published a lot. An industrial polygraph, Bucov presents the clichés of Soviet propaganda in poemes, in novels, in dramaturgy, guided by the principle - which he has also rhyme - "

is my sun and

Kyiv Kyiv, also Kiev, is the capital and most populous List of cities in Ukraine, city of Ukraine. Located in the north-central part of the country, it straddles both sides of the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2022, its population was 2, ...

is my brother". Around his life and writings, Soviet officials have created a fruitful legend. He also made the translation of I.Ilf, E. Petrov and

Sergei Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin (, ; 1895 – 28 December 1925), sometimes spelled as Esenin, was a Russian lyric poet. He is one of the most popular and well-known Russian poets of the 20th century. One of his narratives was "lyrical evocations ...

External links

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bukov, Emilian 1909 births 1984 deaths People from Kiliia People from Izmailsky Uyezd Communist Party of the Soviet Union members Second convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union Third convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union National anthem writers Socialist realism writers Moldovan male writers Soviet male writers Anti-Romanian sentiment University of Bucharest alumni People's Writers of the Moldavian SSR Recipients of the Moldavian SSR State Prize Heroes of Socialist Labour Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Proletarian literature writers in the Kingdom of Romania