Emil Zuckerkandl (1 September 1849

Győr Győr ( , ; ; names of European cities in different languages: E-H#G, names in other languages) is the main city of northwest Hungary, the capital of Győr-Moson-Sopron County and Western Transdanubia, Western Transdanubia region, and – halfwa ...

Hungary Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning much of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and ...

– 28 May 1910,

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

) was an

Austrian-Hungarian Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

anatomist Anatomy () is the branch of morphology concerned with the study of the internal structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old scien ...

who held the first chair for anatomy at the University of Vienna as of 1888.

Biography

Zuckerkandl was born in

on 1 September 1849, to a Jewish family. He had two brothers: the industrialist Victor Zuckerkandl, and the urologist Otto Zuckerkandl (1861–1921). Until his 16th year, Emil wanted to become a violin virtuoso. Having not attended school, he is reported to have subsequently self-studied the entire upper level gymnasium material in a year. He was educated at the

University of Vienna The University of Vienna (, ) is a public university, public research university in Vienna, Austria. Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, Duke Rudolph IV in 1365, it is the oldest university in the German-speaking world and among the largest ...

( MD, 1874) and was an admiring student of Josef Hyrtl, and an anatomical assistant to Karl von Rokitansky (1804–1878) and Karl Langer (1819–1887). In 1875, he became

privatdozent ''Privatdozent'' (for men) or ''Privatdozentin'' (for women), abbreviated PD, P.D. or Priv.-Doz., is an academic title conferred at some European universities, especially in German-speaking countries, to someone who holds certain formal qualifi ...

of anatomy at the

University of Utrecht Utrecht University (UU; , formerly ''Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht'') is a public research university in Utrecht, Netherlands. Established , it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2023, it had an enrollment of 39,769 students, a ...

, and he was appointed

assistant professor Assistant professor is an academic rank just below the rank of an associate professor used in universities or colleges, mainly in the United States, Canada, Japan, and South Korea. Overview This position is generally taken after earning a doct ...

at the University of Vienna in 1879, being made

professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...

Graz Graz () is the capital of the Austrian Federal states of Austria, federal state of Styria and the List of cities and towns in Austria, second-largest city in Austria, after Vienna. On 1 January 2025, Graz had a population of 306,068 (343,461 inc ...

in 1882. Beginning in 1888, he was a professor of descriptive and topographical anatomy at the University of Vienna. He conducted research in almost all fields of

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

, making contributions to the normal and

pathological anatomy Anatomical pathology (''Commonwealth'') or anatomic pathology (''U.S.'') is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, macroscopic, Histopathology, microscopic, biochemical, immu ...

of the

nasal cavity The nasal cavity is a large, air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face. The nasal septum divides the cavity into two cavities, also known as fossae. Each cavity is the continuation of one of the two nostrils. The nas ...

, the anatomy of the

facial skeleton The facial skeleton comprises the ''facial bones'' that may attach to build a portion of the skull. The remainder of the skull is the neurocranium. In human anatomy and development, the facial skeleton is sometimes called the ''membranous visc ...

blood vessels Blood vessels are the tubular structures of a circulatory system that transport blood throughout many animals’ bodies. Blood vessels transport blood cells, nutrients, and oxygen to most of the tissues of a body. They also take waste an ...

, the

brain The brain is an organ (biology), organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It consists of nervous tissue and is typically located in the head (cephalization), usually near organs for ...

, chromaffin system, et al. He was married to the Galician-Austrian writer, journalist and critic Berta Szeps. The couple's house was a popular meeting place for the avant-garde in arts and science; their guests including sculptor

Auguste Rodin François Auguste René Rodin (; ; 12 November 184017 November 1917) was a French sculptor generally considered the founder of modern sculpture. He was schooled traditionally and took a craftsman-like approach to his work. Rodin possessed a u ...

(1840–1917), painter

Gustav Klimt Gustav Klimt (14 July 1862 – 6 February 1918) was an Austrian symbolist painter and a founding member of the Vienna Secession movement. His work helped define the Art Nouveau style in Europe. Klimt is known for his paintings, murals, sket ...

(1862–1918), architect

Otto Wagner Otto Koloman Wagner (; 13 July 1841 – 11 April 1918) was an Austrian architect, furniture designer and urban planner. He was a leading member of the Vienna Secession movement of architecture, founded in 1897, and the broader Art Nouveau mo ...

(1841–1918), writer

Hermann Bahr Hermann Anastas Bahr (; 19 July 1863 – 15 January 1934) was an Austrian writer, playwright, director, and critic. Biography Born and raised in Linz, Bahr studied in Vienna, Graz, Czernowitz and Berlin, devoting special attention to philosophy, ...

(1863–1934), playwright

Arthur Schnitzler Arthur Schnitzler (15 May 1862 – 21 October 1931) was an Austrian author and dramatist. He is considered one of the most significant representatives of Viennese Modernism. Schnitzler’s works, which include psychological dramas and narratives ...

(1862–1931), and composer

Gustav Mahler Gustav Mahler (; 7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic music, Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation. As a composer he acted as a bridge between the 19th-century Austro-German tradition and ...

(1860–1911). Zuckerkandl was a liberal thinker who supported universal suffrage and hired with

Gertrud Bien Gertrud Bien (1881–1940) was an Austrian pediatrician and one of the first female medical students in the Austrian Empire, in Europe and globally. She was the first female medical assistant to a university professor of medicine, working with the ...

the first female university assistant in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire.

Eponyms

* Zuckerkandl's bodies (1901) * Zuckerkandl's convolution * Zuckerkandl's dehiscence * Zuckerkandl's fascia (1883) * Zuckerkandl's tubercle (1902) *

Suprapleural membrane The suprapleural membrane, eponymously known as Sibson's fascia, is a structure described in human anatomy. It is named for Francis Sibson. Anatomy It refers to a thickening of connective tissue that covers the apex of each human lung. It is an ...

of Zuckerkandl and Sebileau

Awards

* 1898: Appointment as full member of the

Austrian Academy of Sciences The Austrian Academy of Sciences (; ÖAW) is a legal entity under the special protection of the Republic of Austria. According to the statutes of the Academy its mission is to promote the sciences and humanities in every respect and in every fi ...

* 1914: Unveiling of a monument at the Anatomical Institute (28 May) * 1924: Unveiling of a statue by Anton Hanak in the arcaded courtyard of the University of Vienna * 1925: Designation of ''Zuckerkandlgasse'' in Vienna-Pötzleinsdorf (1925–1938 and from 1947 onward)

Writings

Zuckerkandl contributed many monographs to medical journals, among them: * "''Zur Morphologie des Gesichtschädels''" (

Stuttgart Stuttgart (; ; Swabian German, Swabian: ; Alemannic German, Alemannic: ; Italian language, Italian: ; ) is the capital city, capital and List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, largest city of the States of Germany, German state of ...

, 1877) * "''Über eine Bisher noch Nicht Beschriebene Drüse der Regio Suprahyoidea''" (Stuttgart, 1879) * "''Über das Riechcentrum''" (Stuttgart, 1887) * "''Normale und Pathologische Anatomie der Nasenhöhle und Ihrer Pneumatischen Anhänge''" (

, 1892). * "''Atlas der topographischen Anatomie''", five volumes. Vienna and

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

, 1900–1904. * "''Atlas der descriptiven anatomie des Menschen''", Vienna, Leipzig, W. Braumüller, 1902. Initially published by Carl Heitzmann (1836–1896) in 1870 as ''Die descriptive und topographische Anatomie des Menschen''. * "''Atlas und Grundriss der chirurgischen Operationslehre''" fifth edition,

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

, 1915. xix + 556 pages.Who Named It
(bibliography)

References

Sources

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zuckerkandl, Emil 1849 births 1910 deaths Burials at Döbling Cemetery People from Győr Physicians from Austria-Hungary Jewish physicians Hungarian anatomists Jewish Hungarian scientists Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences