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Elza Fernandes (October 1, 1921 – March 1, 1936), whose real name was Elvira Cupello Calônio, was a political activist affiliated with the
Elza Fernandes (October 1, 1921 – March 1, 1936), whose real name was Elvira Cupello Calônio, was a political activist affiliated with the Brazilian Communist Party
The Brazilian Communist Party (), originally the Communist Party of Brazil (), is a communist party in Brazil, founded on 25 March 1922. Arguably the oldest active political party in Brazil, it played an important role in the country's 20th- ...
.
Death
She was killed bystrangulation
Strangling or strangulation is compression of the neck that may lead to unconsciousness or death by causing an increasingly hypoxic state in the brain by restricting the flow of oxygen through the trachea. Fatal strangulation typically occurs ...
in 1936 on suspicion of being a traitor to the communist movement
Communist Movement (in Spanish: ''Movimiento Comunista'', in Basque: ''Mugimendu Komunista'', in Catalan: ''Moviment Comunista'', in Galician: ''Movemento Comunista'', in Asturian: ''Movimientu Comunista'') was a political party in Spain
...
. The order to execute her was given by the leader Luís Carlos Prestes
Luís Carlos Prestes (January 3, 1898 – March 7, 1990) was a Brazilian revolutionary and politician who served as the Secretary (title), general-secretary of the Brazilian Communist Party from 1943 to 1980 and a senator for the Federal Distric ...
. In 1940, Prestes and others were convicted and sentenced to 30 years in prison for the murder of Elza. However, in 1945, he was granted amnesty by Getúlio Vargas
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (; ; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician who served as the 14th and 17th president of Brazil, from 1930 to 1945 and from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Due to his long and contr ...
, who was seeking his support in the 1950 Brazilian presidential election.
Sérgio Rodrigues, a Brazilian writer, has claimed that the Brazilian left deliberately erased the memory of Elza Fernandes because her death was seen as shameful. When searching through public archives, it was always noticed that the folders related to Elza were empty. Rodrigues wrote a book about her in 2008.
See also
* Antônio Maciel Bonfim *Brazilian communist uprising of 1935
The 1935 Brazilian communist uprising (Portuguese language, Portuguese: ''Intentona Comunista'') was a military revolt in Brazil led by Luís Carlos Prestes and leftist low-rank military against Getúlio Vargas's government on behalf of the Nati ...
* Honório de Freitas Guimarães
References
Bibliography
* 1921 births 1936 deaths 20th-century Brazilian women Brazilian communists Brazilian people of Italian descent Female murder victims People from Rio de Janeiro (city) People murdered in Rio de Janeiro Deaths by strangulation {{Brazil-bio-stub