Elizabeth Muriel Gregory MacGill (March 27, 1905November 4, 1980), known as the "Queen of the

Hurricanes A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its locat ...

", was a Canadian engineer. She was chief aeronautical engineer at

Canadian Car and Foundry The Canadian Car & Foundry Company, Limited, and from 1957 onwards the Canadian Car Company Limited, was a manufacturer of buses, railway rolling stock, forestry equipment, and later aircraft for the Canadian market. CC&F history goes back to 18 ...

(CC&F) in

Fort William, Ontario Fort William was a city in Ontario, Canada, located on the Kaministiquia River, at its entrance to Lake Superior. Incorporated as a town in 1892 and as a city in 1907, it was amalgamated with Port Arthur and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre ...

during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. There she oversaw manufacturing of 1,451 Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft for the

Royal Canadian Air Force The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; ) is the air and space force of Canada. Its role is to "provide the Canadian Forces with relevant, responsive and effective airpower". The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Can ...

and the British

Royal Air Force The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the Air force, air and space force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. It was formed towards the end of the World War I, First World War on 1 April 1918, on the merger of t ...

, then 835 Curtiss Helldivers for the U.S. Navy, which contributed greatly to the war effort and did much to make Canada a powerhouse of aircraft manufacturing. After her work at CC&F, she ran a successful aeronautical engineering consulting business. Between 1967 and 1970, she was a Commissioner on the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada, which published a report in 1970.

Early life and education

MacGill was born in

Vancouver Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the List of cities in British Columbia, most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the cit ...

on March 27, 1905, youngest daughter of James Henry MacGill, a prominent Vancouver

lawyer A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters. The exact nature of a lawyer's work varies depending on the legal jurisdiction and the legal system, as w ...

, part-time journalist, and Anglican deacon, and

Helen Gregory MacGill Helen Gregory MacGill (, Gregory; after first marriage, Flesher; after second marriage, MacGill; January 7, 1864 – February 27, 1947) was one of Canada's first woman judges - and for many years the country's only woman judge - journalist, and a n ...

, a journalist and

British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...

's first woman

judge A judge is a person who wiktionary:preside, presides over court proceedings, either alone or as a part of a judicial panel. In an adversarial system, the judge hears all the witnesses and any other Evidence (law), evidence presented by the barris ...

. She had two older step-brothers from her mother's first marriage, and an older sister with whom she was very close. In the early years, the MacGill children were home-schooled in a formal setting to mimic that of Lord Roberts, the public school that the older boys attended. This included drawing lessons with

Emily Carr Emily Carr (December 13, 1871 – March 2, 1945) was a Canadian artist who was inspired by the monumental art and villages of the First Nations and the landscapes of British Columbia. She also was a vivid writer and chronicler of life in her sur ...

, and swimming lessons with

Joe Fortes Joseph Seraphim Fortes (9 February 1863 – 4 February 1922) was a British-Canadian lifeguard. He was a prominent figure in the early history of Vancouver, and the city's first official lifeguard. Early life Joe Fortes was born in 1863 in ...

. They later attended King George Secondary School, which was affiliated with

McGill University McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language public research university in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Founded in 1821 by royal charter,Frost, Stanley Brice. ''McGill University, Vol. I. For the Advancement of Learning, ...

. This rigorous education facilitated Elsie's entrance to the University of British Columbia when she was 16. She was admitted to the Applied Sciences program, but the Dean of the Faculty asked her to leave after only one term. When MacGill was 12 years old, her mother was appointed judge of the juvenile court of Vancouver. After 1911, racial strife in British Columbia continued to escalate, and Jim MacGill's immigration-related legal work was directly impacted. This caused severe financial strain for the family during the war years. Her early aptitude for "fixing things" stood the family in good stead, and informed discussions of possible careers. MacGill's mother was an advocate of women's

suffrage Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to v ...

and influenced Elsie's decision to study engineering. MacGill was admitted to the University of Toronto's Bachelor of Applied Sciences program in 1923. During the summers she worked in machine shops repairing electrical motors to supplement the theory and practical teachings during the school year. It is also here that she became exposed to the nascent field of aeronautical engineering. Contracting

polio Poliomyelitis ( ), commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 75% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe ...

just before her graduation, MacGill was told that she would probably spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair. She refused to accept that possibility though, and learned to walk supported by two metal canes. Elsie graduated from the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university whose main campus is located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by ...

in 1927, the first Canadian woman to earn a degree in

electrical engineering Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems that use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the l ...

. After graduating, MacGill took a junior job with Austin Aircraft Company in

Pontiac, Michigan Pontiac ( ') is a city in and the county seat of Oakland County, Michigan, Oakland County in the U.S. state of Michigan. Located roughly northwest of downtown Detroit, Pontiac is part of the Metro Detroit, Detroit metropolitan area, and is vari ...

, which furthered her interest in

aeronautics Aeronautics is the science or art involved with the study, design process, design, and manufacturing of air flight-capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. While the term originally referred ...

. She also began part-time graduate studies in

aeronautical engineering Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft. It has two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. Avionics engineering is s ...

at the

University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...

, enrolling in the fall of 1927 in the full-time Master of Science in Engineering program to begin aircraft design work and conduct research and development in the university's new aeronautics facilities. In 1929, she became the first woman in North America, and perhaps the world, to be awarded a Master's degree in aeronautical engineering. She pursued PhD studies at

MIT The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and sc ...

Cambridge Cambridge ( ) is a List of cities in the United Kingdom, city and non-metropolitan district in the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It is the county town of Cambridgeshire and is located on the River Cam, north of London. As of the 2021 Unit ...

from 1932-34. In order to help finance her doctoral studies, MacGill wrote magazine articles about aircraft and flying. Her contemporary at MIT was aeronautical engineer and technical writer,

M. Elsa Gardner M. Elsa Gardner (9 January 1894 – 8 February 1963) was an American aeronautical engineer. She was the first woman admitted as a full member of the Engineers Club of Dayton. Biography Maude Elsa Gardner was better known as Elsa Gardner. She was ...

Career

In 1934, MacGill started work at

Fairchild Aircraft Fairchild was an American aircraft and aerospace manufacturing company based at various times in Farmingdale, New York; Hagerstown, Maryland; and San Antonio, Texas. History Early aircraft The company was founded by Sherman Fairchild in 19 ...

's operations in

Longueuil Longueuil () is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie, Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the South Shore (Montreal), south shore o ...

as an assistant aeronautical engineer. She contributed to various aviation projects including the

Fairchild Super 71 The Fairchild Super 71 was a Canadian parasol-mounted high-wing monoplane cargo aircraft built by Fairchild Aircraft Ltd. (Canada). The Super 71 was an entirely new design that was one of the first purpose-built civilian bush planes for use in re ...

(the first aircraft designed and built in Canada featuring a metal fuselage), the

Fairchild 82 The Fairchild 82 and the 34-42 Niska were a family of utility aircraft produced in Canada in the mid-1930s, based on designs by Fairchild Aircraft Ltd. (Canada)'s parent company in the United States. Design and development In 1929-1930, Fairchi ...

(a bush plane), and the Fairchild Sekani (twin-engined transport aircraft). She presented a paper, "Simplified Performance Calculations for Aeroplanes", to the Royal Aeronautical Society in Ottawa, on March 22, 1938, to high praise. It was later published in ''The Engineering Journal''. She also participated in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's six-part series, ''The Engineer in War Time''; her segment was called "Aircraft Engineering in Wartime Canada". In 1942, she was elected to the position of chairman of the EIC, Lakehead Branch, after having also served as their vice-chairman. Later that year MacGill was hired as Chief Aeronautical Engineer at Canadian Car and Foundry (CanCar). There she designed and tested a new

training aircraft A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews. The use of a dedicated trainer aircraft with additional safety features—such as tandem flight controls, forgiving flight characteristic ...

, the Maple Leaf Trainer II. The Maple Leaf Trainer was designed and first built in CanCar's Fort William (now

Thunder Bay Thunder Bay is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the most populous municipality in Northwestern Ontario and the second most populous (after Greater Sudbury) municipality in Northern Ontario. Its population i ...

) factories, where MacGill had moved. Although the Maple Leaf II did not enter service with any Commonwealth forces, ten (two were completed, but eight had to be assembled in Mexico) were sold to

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

where its high-altitude performance was important, given the many airfields from which it had to operate. Her role in the company changed when the factory was selected to build the

Hawker Hurricane The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–40s which was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. for service with the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was overshadowed in the public consciousness by ...

fighter aircraft Fighter aircraft (early on also ''pursuit aircraft'') are military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat. In military conflict, the role of fighter aircraft is to establish air supremacy, air superiority of the battlespace. Domina ...

for the

(RAF). The factory had to be quickly expanded from about 500 workers to 4,500 by war's end, half of them women. McGill was responsible for tooling up production for more than 25,000 precision parts; the parts had to be interchangeable with Hurricanes manufactured in the U.K. For much of the war MacGill's primary task was to set up and streamline operations in the production line as the factories rapidly expanded. This involved designing and adapting machine tools to enable quantity manufacturing to exacting specifications. She was also responsible for designing solutions to allow the aircraft to operate during the winter, introducing de-icing controls and a system for fitting skis for landing on snow.

By the time the production line shut down in 1943, CanCar had produced 1,451 Hurricanes. In 1940 she wrote and presented a paper on the experience, "Factors Affecting Mass Production of Aeroplanes", later published in ''The Engineering Journal'' . Her role in this successful production run made her famous, to the point of having a

comic book A comic book, comic-magazine, or simply comic is a publication that consists of comics art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panel (comics), panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by descriptive prose and wri ...

biography appear in an issue of True Comics in 1942, using her nickname, "Queen of the Hurricanes”. Numerous popular stories were published about her in the media as well, reflecting the public's fascination with this woman engineer. After Hurricane production ended, CanCar looked for new work and secured a contract from the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...

to build

Curtiss SB2C Helldiver The Curtiss SB2C Helldiver was a dive bomber developed by Curtiss-Wright during World War II. As a carrier-based bomber with the United States Navy (USN), in Pacific theaters, it supplemented and replaced the Douglas SBD Dauntless. A few su ...

s. Again MacGill was responsible for all engineering and production work, and the plant ultimately produced 835 aircraft, significantly contributing to Allied air power. This production did not go nearly as smoothly, and a continual stream of minor changes from

Curtiss-Wright The Curtiss-Wright Corporation is an American manufacturer and services provider headquartered in Davidson, North Carolina, with factories and operations in and outside the United States. Created in 1929 from the consolidation (business), consoli ...

(in turn demanded by the U.S. Navy) meant that full-scale production took a long time to get started. MacGill moved to

Toronto Toronto ( , locally pronounced or ) is the List of the largest municipalities in Canada by population, most populous city in Canada. It is the capital city of the Provinces and territories of Canada, Canadian province of Ontario. With a p ...

, where she set up an aeronautical engineering consulting business with Bill Soulsby in 1943. In 1946, she became a Technical Adviser for

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sch ...

(ICAO), where she helped to draft International Air Worthiness regulations for the design and production of commercial aircraft. In 1947 she became the chairman of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and internationa ...

Stress Analysis Committee, the first woman ever to chair a U.N. committee. In 1952, MacGill presented a paper to the Society of Women Engineers (SWE) conference, "The Initiative in Airliner Design", that was subsequently published in ''The Engineering Journal''. A year later SWE awarded her their annual Achievement Award.

Advocacy

After breaking her leg in 1953, MacGill used the opportunity of her months of convalescence to sort through her mother's papers and begin writing a biography of her mother's life. MacGill published the book, ''My Mother, the Judge: A Biography of Judge Helen Gregory MacGill,'' in 1955. The active public service and work of her mother and grandmother in the

suffrage movement Women's suffrage is the women's rights, right of women to Suffrage, vote in elections. Several instances occurred in recent centuries where women were selectively given, then stripped of, the right to vote. In Sweden, conditional women's suffra ...

inspired Elsie to spend more time dealing with

women's rights Women's rights are the rights and Entitlement (fair division), entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide. They formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the 19th century and the feminist movements during the 20th and 21st c ...

in the 1960s. MacGill served as President of the Canadian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs from 1962 to 1964. In 1967 she was named to the Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada and co-authored the report published in 1970. She also filed a "Separate Statement" describing those of her opinions which differed from the majority on the commission. For example, she wanted abortion removed from the entirety of the Criminal Code. MacGill was also a member of the Ontario Status of Women Committee, an affiliate of the

National Action Committee on the Status of Women The National Action Committee on the Status of Women was a Canadian feminist activist organization that existed from 1971 to 2007. History It was founded in 1971 as a pressure group to lobby for the implementation of the 167 recommendations m ...

. For this work she was given the

Order of Canada The Order of Canada () is a Canadian state order, national order and the second-highest Award, honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, after the Order of Merit. To coincide with the Canadian Centennial, ce ...

in 1971. MacGill once said:

Personal life

Elsie MacGill married E.J. "Bill" Soulsby in 1943 and the couple moved to Toronto, where they began their consulting firm. After a short illness, MacGill died on November 4, 1980, in

Cambridge, Massachusetts Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. It is a suburb in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, located directly across the Charles River from Boston. The city's population as of the 2020 United States census, ...

. In noting her death, Shirley Allen, a Canadian member of the

Ninety-Nines The Ninety-Nines: International Organization of Women Pilots, also known as The 99s, is an international organization that provides networking, mentoring, and flight scholarship opportunities to recreational and professional female pilots. Foun ...

organization of women aviators said of her: "She had a brilliant mind and was recognized as an outstanding Canadian woman. Neither gender nor disability prevented her from using her talents to serve her community and country."

Awards, honours, and legacy

MacGill's education and career reflected many "firsts". She was the first Canadian woman to earn a bachelors degree in

in 1927 and in 1929, she became the first woman in North America, and perhaps the world, to be awarded a Master's degree in aeronautical engineering. In 1938, she was the first woman elected to corporate membership in the

Engineering Institute of Canada The Engineering Institute of Canada (EIC) ( French: l'Institut canadien des ingénieurs; ICI) is a federation of fourteen engineering societies based in Canada, covering a broad range of engineering branches, and with a history going back to 1887. ...

(EIC). In 1942, MacGill was hired as Chief Aeronautical Engineer at Canadian Car and Foundry (CanCar), becoming the first woman in the world to hold such a position. In 1946, she became the first woman to serve as Technical Adviser for

(ICAO). In 1947 she was named chair of the United Nations Stress Analysis Committee, becoming the first woman ever to chair a United Nations committee. MacGill's paper, ''Factors Affecting the Mass Production of Aeroplanes'', won the Gzowski Medal from the Engineering Institute of Canada in 1941. In 1953, she was one of only 50 people, and the only woman, to have her picture in the exclusive Gevaert Gallery of Canadian Executives to honour her contributions and influence. In 1953 the

Society of Women Engineers The Society of Women Engineers (SWE) is an international not-for-profit educational and service organization. Founded in 1950 and headquartered in the United States, the Society of Women Engineers is a major advocate for women in engineering and ...

(in the U.S.) presented her with its Achievement Award "in recognition of her meritorious contributions to aeronautical engineering," the first time the Award was given outside the United States. MacGill was awarded the Centennial Medal by the Canadian government in 1967, and the

in 1971 for "services as an aeronautical engineering consultant and as a member of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women." She received an honorary Doctor of Law degree from the University of Toronto in 1973 and an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Windsor in 1976. The Ninety-Nines awarded her the Amelia Earhart Medal in 1975; and in 1979 the Ontario Association of Professional Engineers presented her with their gold medal. She also received the Queens' Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977. In 1983 MacGill was inducted into

Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame, based in The Hangar Flight Museum in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, commemorates and honours those whose accomplishments in aviation contributed so much to Canada's development as a nation. Founded in 1973, the Hall of ...

, and in 1992 she was a founding inductee in the

Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame The Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame, was located at the Canada Science and Technology Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, honoured Canadians who have made outstanding contributions to society in science and engineering. It also promoted role m ...

Ottawa Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It is located in the southern Ontario, southern portion of the province of Ontario, at the confluence of the Ottawa River and the Rideau River. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Gatineau, Quebec, and forms the cor ...

. Her life story is part of the documentary ''

Rosies of the North ''Rosies of the North'' (French-language title: ''Riveuses du nord'') is a 46-minute Canadian documentary film made in 1999 by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) and directed by Kelly Saxberg. The film recounts the story of the women at the C ...

'' (1999). In 2016, she was chosen as one of five outstanding women "on the short list to be chosen as the iconic Canadian woman to be featured on the next series of banknotes". In 2019, the

Lakehead District School Board The Lakehead District School Board (known as English-language Public District School Board No. 6A prior to 1999) oversees all secular English-language Public school (government funded), public schools in the Thunder Bay, Thunder Bay CMA and the ...

approved Ecole Elsie MacGill Public School as the name of the elementary school, then still under construction, which would replace Agnew H. Johnston and Edgewater Park public schools when it opens in September 2020. Also in 2019, Elsie MacGill was the honoree of a Canada Post stamp as part of the "Canadians in Flight" series. In the same year, 2019, MacGill was the subject of a biography for young readers published by

Scholastic Canada Scholastic Corporation is an American multinational publishing, education, and media company that publishes and distributes books, comics, and educational materials for schools, teachers, parents, children, and other educational institutions. P ...

. In October 2020, MacGill was the topic of a

Heritage Minute ''The Heritage Minutes'' is a series of sixty-second short films, each illustrating an important moment in Canadian history. Published by Historica Canada the ''Minutes'' integrate Canadian history, folklore and myths into dramatic storylines. ...

short film honouring her achievements in the Second World War. In September 2021 Elsie MacGill Secondary School of the

Halton District School Board The Halton District School Board serves public school students throughout Halton Region, including the municipalities of Burlington, Halton Hills, Milton and Oakville. Its administration area is to the southwest of the city of Toronto. In 2006- ...

Milton, Ontario Milton (Canada 2021 Census, 2021 census population 132,979) is a town in Southern Ontario, Canada, and part of the Regional Municipality of Halton, Halton Region in the Greater Toronto Area. Between 2001 and 2011, Milton was the fastest growing m ...

opened. In 2022, the Thunder Bay squadron of the

Royal Canadian Air Cadets The Royal Canadian Air Cadets () is a Canadian national youth program for young individuals aged 12 to 18. Under the authority of the National Defence Act, ''National Defence Act'', the program is administered by the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) ...

was renamed "70 'Elsie MacGill' Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron." In 2023, The Royal Canadian Mint created a Commemorative circulating

loonie The loonie (), formally the Canadian one-dollar coin, is a gold-coloured Canadian coin that was introduced in 1987 and is produced by the Royal Canadian Mint at its facility in Winnipeg. The most prevalent versions of the coin show a common ...

entitled "Honourin
Elsie MacGill
"

Affiliations

Source: * Registered professional engineer in Canada * Chartered engineer in the U.K. * Member, Association of Professional Engineers in Canada * Member, Association of Consulting Engineers in Canada * Life Member, Society of Women Engineers * Fellow, Engineering Institute of Canada * Fellow, Royal Aeronautical Society (U.K.) * Fellow, Canadian Aeronautical and Space Institute * Member, American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics * Member, Canadian Society of Mechanical Engineers * Commissioner, Royal Commission on the Status of Women in Canada * Fellow, Royal Society of Arts (U.K.) * Member, Business and Professional Women's Club of Toronto * Member, Toronto Soroptimist Club * President, Canadian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs * Member of the Ontario Status of Women Committee, an affiliate of the

References

Notes

Bibliography

* * Bourgeois-Doyle, Richard I
''Six decades later, SWE pioneer Elsie MacGill continues to inspire.''
''SWE Magazine'',v. 57, n. 2, Spring 2011, pp. 28–32, 32a-32z (web exclusive including chapter 2 of ''Her Daughter the Engineer'')

ISSN 1070-6232. * Green, John J. "Obituary: Elizabeth (Elsie) Gregory MacGill, FC AS1, 1905–1980." Unpublished text from memorial service held Wednesday, November 26, 1980. ''University of Toronto Archives.'' * * MacGill, E.M.G. "Factors affecting mass production of aeroplanes". ''Flight'', v. 38, n. 1656, September 19, 1940, pp. 228–231. * MacGill, E.M.G. ''My Mother, the Judge: A Biography of Judge Helen Gregory MacGill.'' Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1955; reprinted in 1981 by Toronto: PMA Books. . * *

External links

Short profile of MacGill
,

Elsie MacGill – Queen of the Hurricanes
from the

CBC CBC may refer to: Media * Cadena Baja California or Grupo Cadena, a radio and television broadcaster in Mexico * Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Canada's radio and television public broadcaster ** CBC Television ** CBC Radio One ** CBC Music ** ...

Elizabeth "Elsie" MacGill from the Canada Science and Technology Museum

from

Elsie Gregory MacGill fonds
Library and Archives Canada
Elsie Gregory MacGill fonds
Archives of Ontario
"Her Daughter the Engineer: The Life of Elsie Gregory MacGill by Richard I. Bourgeois-Doyle" from the National Research Council Canada Research Press Monographs Publishing Program

''Rosies of the North'' directed by Kelly Saxberg, National Film Board of Canada, 1999
a documentary about the Canadian Car and Foundry Company during the Second World War when Elsie MacGill was its chief engineer.

* ttps://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/elizabeth-muriel-gregory-macgill Article at thecanadianencyclopedia.ca {{DEFAULTSORT:Macgill, Elsie 1905 births 1980 deaths Canadian aerospace engineers Canadian Car and Foundry people Canadian engineering researchers Officers of the Order of Canada Scientists from Vancouver Canadian women engineers University of Toronto alumni University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 20th-century Canadian women engineers Aircraft designers 20th-century Canadian women scientists King George Secondary School alumni 20th-century Canadian engineers Members of the Society of Women Engineers