''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of

foraminifera Foraminifera (; Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of amoeboid protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly ...

. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams,

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

s from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of the species within this genus is disputed due to the high variability of some species.

Description

''Elphidium'' is generally around 1 mm in size. The

test Test(s), testing, or TEST may refer to: * Test (assessment), an educational assessment intended to measure the respondents' knowledge or other abilities Arts and entertainment * ''Test'' (2013 film), an American film * ''Test'' (2014 film), ...

is spiral-shaped, and can be red, orange, or brown. This shell is made up of calcium carbonate. Species of this genus have seven to twenty chambers in the final whorl, and may have an umbilical plug on each side. In some species the rim is sharp, while in others it is more rounded. Another distinctive feature is the retral processes (small backward extensions of the chamber walls) that cross the sutures, giving some the appearance of tiny rolled up glass baskets. ''Elphidium'' crawls using a type of

pseudopod A pseudopod or pseudopodium (plural: pseudopods or pseudopodia) is a temporary arm-like projection of a eukaryotic cell membrane that is emerged in the direction of movement. Filled with cytoplasm, pseudopodia primarily consist of actin filament ...

called reticulopodia.

Life cycle

''Elphidium'' shows dimorphism with alternating generations. The complete cycle for ''Elphidium crispum'' takes two years in the shallower marine regions, although it may be delayed at deeper stations. Asexual reproduction reaches a peak in spring of the first year. Sexual reproduction begins early in the second spring as temperatures begin to rise. The gametes conjugate outside in open sea to produce zygotes and the B form then develops and matures during the second summer. Lister (1895) observed ''Elphidium'' in two different forms as megalospheric form (sexual form) and microsperic form (asexual form). The megalosperic form was developed from the microsperic form. The

gamete A gamete (; , ultimately ) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are an organism's reproductive cells, also referred to as sex cells. In species that produce ...

s which gives rise to microspheric form by

syngamy Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a new individual organism or offspring and initiate its development. Pro ...

. ''Elphidium'' exhibits an alternation of generation in its life cycle. The megalosperic forms alternates with microspheric forms. The microspheric forms are developed by the conjugation or syngamy. It means there is always an alternations of asexual (microspheric) and sexual (megalospheric) generation in ''Elphidium''. The microspheric form reproduces asexually by

fission Fission, a splitting of something into two or more parts, may refer to: * Fission (biology), the division of a single entity into two or more parts and the regeneration of those parts into separate entities resembling the original * Nuclear fissio ...

to produce a number of amoebulae. The inner

cytoplasm In cell biology, the cytoplasm is all of the material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. The material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. ...

mass containing several nuclei creeps out of the shell and remains as a lump around it. A small amount of cytoplasm collects around each nucleus. As a result, a large number of amoeboid cells are formed. Each amoebula secretes the proloculum, formsrhizopodia, then it grows and forms other chambers of the shell to become a megalospheric forms. The megalospheric form reproduces sexually by syngamy or conjugation. During sexual reproduction in megalospheric forms, nucleus first breaks up into many small nuclei and the cytoplasm collects around each of these nuclei. The nuclei divide twice giving rise to a large haploid and known as isogametes. Isogametes of two different individuals fuse in pairs to form zygotes. These are then develops into microspheric form. The life cycle of ''Elphidium'' may be summarized as follows: the microspheric forms produce amoebulae by asexual fission which develops into megalospheric forms. The megalospheric forms produce flagellated isogametes which after syngamy produce zygotes that develop into microspheric forms. Thus, its life cycle clearly exhibits the phenomenon of alternations of asexual microspheric generations with sexual megalospheric generations.

Subdivisions

*Subgenus '' Elphidium (Parrellina)'' Carter, 1958 **''

Elphidium (Parrellina) centrifugalis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Carter, 1958 *Subgenus ''

Elphidium (Polystomella) ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Heron-Allen & Earland, 1932 *''Elphidium'' ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

'' **'' Elphidium abyssicola'' Ishiwada, 1964 **'' Elphidium aculeatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium adelaidense'' Howchin & Parr, 1938 **'' Elphidium advenum'' (Cushman, 1922) **'' Elphidium africanum'' LeRoy, 1953 **'' Elphidium aguafrescaense'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **'' Elphidium alaskense'' Cushman & Todd, 1947 **'' Elphidium albanii'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium alvarezianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium ancestrum'' Le Calvez, 1950 **''

Elphidium argenteum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Parr, 1945 **'' Elphidium armenium'' Saakyan-Gezalyan, 1957 **'' Elphidium articulatum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium asagaiense'' Asano, 1949 **''

Elphidium asanoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kaiho, 1984 **''

'' Matsunaga, 1963 **'' Elphidium asiaticum'' Polski, 1959 **''

Elphidium asklundi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brotzen, 1943 **'' Elphidium australis'' Cushman & Parker, 1931 **''

Elphidium azerbaidjanicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Mamedova, 1966 **''

Elphidium aznaburticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pronina, 1964 **''

Elphidium bartletti ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium batavum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Hofker, 1968 **'' Elphidium batialis'' Saidova, 1961 **''

Elphidium bhattacharyai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Jauhri, 1994 **''

Elphidium biperforatus ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Whittaker & Hodgkinson, 1979) **''

Elphidium bogdanowiczi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pronina, 1964 **''

Elphidium bosoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Fujita, 1956 **''

Elphidium botaniense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Albani, 1981 **''

Elphidium brooklynense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shupack, 1934 **''

Elphidium californicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cook Ms., 1959 **'' Elphidium capelavelaense'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium carenerosensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Bermúdez & Fuenmayor, 1966 **''

Elphidium cariacoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez & Seiglie, 1963 **''

Elphidium carpentariaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Albani & Yassini, 1993 **''

Elphidium carteri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **'' Elphidium cercadense'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium chapmani ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium charlottense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Vella, 1957) **''

Elphidium cherifi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Anan, 2010 **'' Elphidium chilenum'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium clarki ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Graham, 1950 **''

Elphidium clavatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman Em. Loeblich & Tappan, 1953 **'' Elphidium cochense'' McCulloch, 1981 **'' Elphidium collinsi'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium colomboense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium colomi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ferrer, 1971 **''

Elphidium complanatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium compressulum'' Copeland, 1964 **''

Elphidium concinnum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium consociatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **'' Elphidium costiferum'' (Terquem, 1882) **''

Elphidium crassatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium crassimargo ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shchedrina, 1984 **''

Elphidium craticulatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **''

Elphidium crespinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium crispum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) **''

Elphidium cristobalense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium cubaguaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium culebrense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium cuvillieri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Levy, 1966 **''

Elphidium cynicalis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Jennings, 1936 **''

Elphidium decipiens ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (O.G.Costa, 1856) **''

Elphidium decorum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Qiu & Lin, 1978 **'' Elphidium deferrariisi'' Malumián, 1990 **'' Elphidium delicatulum'' Bermúdez, 1949 **''

Elphidium discoidale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium dominicense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1949 **'' Elphidium dopperti'' Daniels, 2001 **''

Elphidium duzdagicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pronina, 1964 **''

Elphidium earlandi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium echinus'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium elegans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium elegantum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Hofker, 1976) **''

Elphidium ellisi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Weiss, 1954 **''

Elphidium eocenicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Ellisor, 1931 **''

Elphidium excubitor ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nicol, 1944 **''

Elphidium exoticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haynes, 1973 **''

Elphidium ezoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Asano, 1937 **''

Elphidium fastigiatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1945 **''

Elphidium fax ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nicol, 1944 **'' Elphidium fedorowi'' Bogdanovich, 1960 **'' Elphidium felsense'' Papp, 1963 **'' Elphidium ferrentegranulum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium fichtelianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium fijiense'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium fimbriatulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Cushman, 1918) **''

Elphidium fissurisuturalum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Wang, He & Lu, 1988 **''

Elphidium flexuosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium florentinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Shupack, 1934 **''

Elphidium formosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd, 1957 **''

Elphidium friedbergi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **'' Elphidium frigidum'' Cushman, 1933 **'' Elphidium frizzelli'' Miller, 1953 **''

Elphidium galvestonense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kornfeld, 1931 **'' Elphidium georgianum'' Cushman, 1935 **''

Elphidium georgium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1958 **''

Elphidium gibsoni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1979 **''

Elphidium glabratum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Cushman, 1939 **''

Elphidium granatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Gudina, 1964 **''

Elphidium granti ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kleinpell, 1938 **''

Elphidium granulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' (Sidebottom, 1909) **'' Elphidium grimensis'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium groenlandicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1933 **'' Elphidium guraboense'' Bermúdez, 1949 **'' Elphidium haagensis'' van Voorthuysen, 1950 **''

Elphidium hadleyana ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Smitter, 1955 **'' Elphidium halickii'' Brodniewicz, 1972 **''

Elphidium hallandense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brotzen, 1943 **'' Elphidium hampdenense'' Finlay, 1939 **''

Elphidium hauerinum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium hawkesburyense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' (Albani, 1974) **''

Elphidium helenae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium hiltermanni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hagn, 1952 **''

Elphidium hispidulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium hokkaidoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1950 **''

Elphidium hornibrooki ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Srinivasan, 1966 **''

Elphidium howchini ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium hughesi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Grant, 1927 **''

Elphidium humboldtensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haller, 1980 **''

Elphidium hungaricum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Korecz-Laky, 1967 **''

Elphidium hyalocostatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd, 1957 **''

Elphidium ibericum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Schrodt, 1890) **''

Elphidium icenorum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Macfadyen, 1939 **'' Elphidium inchonense'' Mcculloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium inclarum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium indicum'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium infrajuliense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bertels, 1977 **''

Elphidium ingressans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Dorreen, 1948 **''

Elphidium inopinatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium iojimaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **''

Elphidium iranicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Yassini & Ghahreman, 1977) **''

Elphidium ishikariense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Kaiho, 1984 **''

Elphidium izumoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **'' Elphidium javanum'' Yabe & Asano, 1937 **'' Elphidium jiani'' Lei & Li, 2016 **''

Elphidium johnstonae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mclean, 1956 **''

Elphidium joukovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium kadilnicovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Semenov & Semenova, 1980 **''

Elphidium kaicherae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mclean, 1956 **''

Elphidium kaneharai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ishiwada, 1958 **'' Elphidium kanoum'' Hayward, 1979 **''

Elphidium karenae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asbjornsdottir, 1994 **'' Elphidium karpaticum'' Myatlyuk, 1950 **''

Elphidium kazmakrisense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Mamedova, 1966 **''

Elphidium kerguelenense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Parr, 1950 **''

Elphidium kobense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium koberi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Tollmann, 1955 **''

Elphidium koeboeense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' LeRoy, 1939 **''

Elphidium kozlowskii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Brodniewicz, 1965 **''

Elphidium kudakoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Bogdanovich, 1947 **''

Elphidium kusiroense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1938 **''

Elphidium laeve ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny in Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865) **''

Elphidium lagunense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Albani & Balbero, 1982) **''

Elphidium laloviensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1948 **''

Elphidium lanieri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium latidorsatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' (Reuss, 1864) **''

Elphidium latispatium ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Poag, 1966 **''

Elphidium latusovum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **'' Elphidium lauritaense'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium lautenschlaegeri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium lene ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **''

Elphidium lens ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **'' Elphidium leonensis'' Applin & Jordan, 1945 **'' Elphidium lessonii'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **'' Elphidium ligatum'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium limatulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Copeland, 1964 **''

Elphidium limpidum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ho, Hu & Wang, 1965 **''

Elphidium lobatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **'' Elphidium ludbrookae'' Bhalla & Dev, 1988 **''

Elphidium mabutii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1962 **''

Elphidium macellum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **''

Elphidium maioricense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Colom, 1942 **'' Elphidium manibulum'' Khalilov, 1957 **'' Elphidium maorium'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium margaritaceum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Cushman, 1930 **''

Elphidium marshallana ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Post, 1954 **''

Elphidium matagordanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Kornfeld, 1931) **''

Elphidium matanginuiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium matauraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **''

Elphidium matsuense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **''

Elphidium matsukawauraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Takayanagi, 1955 **''

Elphidium mawsoni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Parr, 1950 **'' Elphidium mexicanum'' Kornfeld, 1931 **''

Elphidium microelegans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium microgranulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Wissler, 1951 **''

Elphidium miikense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Murata, 1961 **''

Elphidium millettiforme ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium minutum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Reuss, 1865) **''

Elphidium mirandum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium mironovi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''

Elphidium morenoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bermúdez, 1935 **''

Elphidium mortonbayense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Albani & Yassini, 1993 **''

Elphidium multacamerum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium mundulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Low, 1960 **''

Elphidium musselroeensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Quilty, 1980 **''

Elphidium nagaoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1938 **''

Elphidium nakanokawaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Shirai, 1960 **''

Elphidium nataliae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Popescu, 1995 **''

Elphidium nautiloideum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **'' Elphidium neocrespinae'' Gibson, 1983 **''

Elphidium neosimplex ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium nigarense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium nipeense'' Keijzer, 1945 **''

Elphidium noniformis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Gerke in Voloshinova & Dain, 1952 **'' Elphidium nonioniformis'' Smigielska, 1957 **''

Elphidium norvangi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Buzas, Smith & Beem, 1977 **''

Elphidium notabilis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pishvanova, 1958 **'' Elphidium novozealandicum'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium obtusum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium oceanense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny in Fornasini, 1904) **'' Elphidium oceanicum'' Cushman, 1933 **'' Elphidium oligocenicum'' Khalilov, 1951 **''

Elphidium ombetsuense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1962 **''

Elphidium omotoensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Dorreen, 1948 **'' Elphidium omuraense'' Shuto, 1953 **''

Elphidium onerosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bogdanovich, 1960 **'' Elphidium orientale'' Voloshinova, 1952 **'' Elphidium owenianum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium ozawai ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Uchio, 1951 **''

Elphidium panamense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium papillosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium paraense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Petri, 1954 **'' Elphidium paraskevaidisi'' Christodoulou, 1960 **''

Elphidium parviforme ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **''

Elphidium parvulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Aoki, 1968 **''

Elphidium parvum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Zheng, 1980 **''

Elphidium parvus ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Eremeeva, 1961 **''

Elphidium patagonicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium perforatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nomura, 1990 **''

Elphidium perscitum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium philippense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 **'' Elphidium phillipense'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium pilasense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium planiforme ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1981 **'' Elphidium planulatum'' (Lamarck, 1822) **'' Elphidium planum'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **'' Elphidium podolicum'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium ponticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' (Dolgopolskaya & Pauli, 1931) **''

Elphidium primum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ten Dam, 1944 **''

Elphidium pseudoinflatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **''

Elphidium pseudolessonii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ten Dam & Reinhold, 1941 **''

Elphidium pseudonodosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium puertoricense'' Galloway & Heminway, 1941 **'' Elphidium pulvereum'' Todd, 1958 **'' Elphidium punctatum'' (Terquem, 1878) **'' Elphidium puscharovski'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium pusillogranosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Venglinsky, 1958 **''

Elphidium pustulisuturale ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Wang & Cheng, 1981 **''

Elphidium pustulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **''

Elphidium rarum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **''

Elphidium rasshamali ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Haque, 1970 **''

Elphidium reginum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **'' Elphidium reticulosum'' Cushman, 1933 **''

Elphidium rioturbiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Malumián, 1994 **''

Elphidium rischtanicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Bykova, 1939 **''

Elphidium rolshauseni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Ellisor, 1939 **''

Elphidium rota ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Ellis, 1939 **''

Elphidium rotatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Howchin & Parr, 1938 **''

Elphidium rugosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1846) **''

Elphidium rugulosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Wickenden, 1929 **''

Elphidium rutteni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hermes, 1945 **''

Elphidium saginatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Finlay, 1939 **'' Elphidium sagrum'' (d'Orbigny, 1839) **''

Elphidium saitoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **''

Elphidium salebrosum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Serova, 1955 **''

Elphidium samueli ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Zlinská, 1993 **''

Elphidium sandiegoense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Lankford, 1973) **''

Elphidium sandongensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' He & Hu, 1978 **''

Elphidium schencki ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Cushman & Dusenbury, 1934 **''

Elphidium schreiteri ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Eichenberg, 1935 **''

Elphidium semiinvolutum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Myatlyuk, 1956 **''

Elphidium semistriatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (d'Orbigny, 1852) **'' Elphidium sendaiense'' Takayanagi, 1950 **''

Elphidium seranense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Valk, 1945 **'' Elphidium seymourense'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium shochinae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mayer, 1968 **''

Elphidium silvestrii ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''

Elphidium simaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Makiyama & Nakagawa, 1941 **'' Elphidium simulatum'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium singaporense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' McCulloch, 1977 **''

Elphidium skyringense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Todd & Kniker, 1952 **''

Elphidium smithi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Cushman & Dusenbury, 1934 **''

Elphidium somaense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Takayanagi, 1955 **''

Elphidium spinatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Valentine, 1930 **''

Elphidium stebnicaensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Pishvanova, 1964 **''

Elphidium stellans ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''

Elphidium stelliferum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Khalilov, 1957 **''

Elphidium stimulum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & McCulloch, 1940 **''

Elphidium strattoni ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Applin, 1925) **''

Elphidium striatopunctatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Fichtel & Moll, 1798) **''

Elphidium subcarinatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' (Egger, 1857) **''

Elphidium subcrispum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nakamura, 1937 **''

Elphidium subfichtelianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mamedova, 1966 **''

Elphidium subincertum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano, 1950 **''

Elphidium subinflatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1936 **'' Elphidium subnodosum'' (Münster, 1838) **''

Elphidium subrotatum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Hornibrook, 1961 **''

Elphidium subsphaericum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman & Hedberg, 1930 **''

Elphidium sumitomoi ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Asano & Murata, 1958 **'' Elphidium suzukii'' Husezima & Maruhasi, 1944 **''

Elphidium taiwanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nakamura, 1937 **''

Elphidium tengiense ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Mamedova, 1966 **''

Elphidium terquemianum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Le Calvez, 1950 **''

Elphidium tikutoensis ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Nakamura, 1937 **''

Elphidium toddae ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy o ...

'' Petri, 1955 **'' Elphidium tongaense'' (Cushman, 1931) **''

Elphidium transcarpaticum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Venglinsky, 1948 **'' Elphidium translucens'' Natland, 1938 **'' Elphidium tropicale'' Petri, 1954 **'' Elphidium tsudai'' Chiji & Nakaseko, 1950 **''

Elphidium tumidum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Natland, 1938 **''

Elphidium twiggsanum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Cushman, 1945 **''

Elphidium ukrainicum ''Elphidium'' is an abundant genus of foraminifera. Species can be found from coastal regions out to the continental slope, and in all temperature ranges. Like other forams, fossils from different species are used to date rocks. The taxonomy of ...

'' Krasheninnikov, 1960 **''Elphidium ustilatum'' Todd, 1957 **''Elphidium vavauense'' Hayward, 1997 in Hayward, Hollis & Grenfell, 1997 **''Elphidium vellai'' Hayward, 1997 **''Elphidium venetum'' (Albani, Favero & Serandrei Barbero, 1991) **''Elphidium vitreum'' Collins, 1974 **''Elphidium voorthuyseni'' Haake, 1962 **''Elphidium vulgare'' Voloshinova, 1952 **''Elphidium waddense'' van Voorthuysen, 1975 **''Elphidium wadeae'' (Hornibrook, 1961) **''Elphidium wakkanabense'' Kaiho, 1992 **''Elphidium williamsoni'' Haynes, 1973 **''Elphidium wordeni'' McCulloch, 1977 **''Elphidium yumotoense'' Asano, 1949 **''Elphidium zeivensis'' Khalilov, 1957

References

* Alfred R. Loeblich Jr, Loeblich and Helen Niña Tappan Loeblich, Helen Tappan, 1964. Sarcodina Chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C Protista 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press. * _____ 1988. Forminiferal Genera and their Classification. E-boo

:'' For illustrations see''
ElphidiumWorld Modern Foraminifera Database

Description

Life cycle

Subdivisions

References

Further reading