Elna Julia Sofia Kiljander (4 November 1889 – 21 March 1970) was one of Finland's earliest female architects. She is remembered not only for her model homes and kitchens but also for her furniture designs. One of her most important designs was the Functionalist Ensi-Koti home in

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

Biography

Born on 4 November 1889 in

Sortavala Sortavala (; Finnish language, Finnish and ; ), previously known as Serdobol () until 1918, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga near the Finland, Finni ...

, Elna Kiljander was the daughter of the music teacher Nikolai Nils Kilander and his Swedish-born wife Julia Svensson. After her father died in 1898, the family moved to

. She graduated as an architect from the

Helsinki University of Technology Helsinki University of Technology (TKK; ; , HUT in international usage) was a technical university in Finland. It was located in Otaniemi, Espoo in the Helsinki metropolitan area, and it was one of the three universities from which the modern d ...

in 1915 and went on to teach graphic design in

Povenets Povenets (; ; ) is an types of inhabited localities in Russia, urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Medvezhyegorsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the shore of Lake Onega, north of Petrozavodsk, the capital city, ...

in Russian

Karelia Karelia (; Karelian language, Karelian and ; , historically Коре́ла, ''Korela'' []; ) is an area in Northern Europe of historical significance for Russia (including the Soviet Union, Soviet era), Finland, and Sweden. It is currentl ...

, returning to Finland the following year. Kiljander became interested in Functionalism when visiting the Stockholm Exhibition in 1930. She subsequently adopted the style in her housing designs as well as in the model kitchens she developed for the Martha Association. One of her most important works is the Ensi-Koti home for unmarried mothers and their children. Kiljander had herself become a single mother after a brief marriage with the sculptor

Gunnar Finne Johan Gunnar Finne (4 April 1886 – 17 September 1952) was a Finland, Finnish sculptor. The architect Elna Kiljander became a single mother after a brief marriage with Finne from 1918 to 1926. Finne's best-known work is the memorial for the aut ...

from 1918 to 1926. In collaboration with the textile artist Marianne Strengell, she founded Koti-Hemmet, an interior design business where she designed furniture in a style closely resembling that adopted later by

Alvar Aalto Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto (; 3 February 1898 – 11 May 1976) was a Finnish architect and designer. His work includes architecture, furniture, textiles and glassware, as well as sculptures and paintings. He never regarded himself as an artist, see ...

. Influenced by developments in Swedish design, her work exerted a significant impact on Finnish interior design in the 1930s. In 1949, her Koti-Hemmet firm declared bankruptcy, leading to Kiljander's retirement from architectural work. Kiljander was a feminist, becoming a member of Architecta, the Finnish women's architecture association, from its establishment in 1942. Kiljander made an impressive contribution to the Finnish history of architecture. Elna Kiljander died in Helsinki on 21 March 1970.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kiljander, Elna 1889 births 1970 deaths Finnish women architects People from Sortavala Finnish people of Swedish descent