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Ellsworth Huntington (September 16, 1876 – October 17, 1947) was a professor of
*
Explorations in Turkestan: With an Account of the Basin of Eastern Persia and Sistan, Expedition of 1903, under the Direction of Raphael Pumpelly
' (1905) *
The Pulse of Asia: A Journey in Central Asia Illustrating the Geographic Basis of History
' (1907) *
Palestine and Its Transformation
' (1911)
"Changes of Climate and History,"
''American Historical Review'' Vol. 18, No. 2 (Jan., 1913), pp. 213–23
in JSTOR
''The Climatic Factor As Illustrated in Arid America''
(1914) *
Civilization and Climate
' (1915, rev. ed. 1924) * "Climatic Change and Agricultural Exhaustion as Elements in the Fall of Rome," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'' Vol. 31, No. 2 (Feb., 1917), pp. 173–20
in JSTOR
*
The Red Man's Continent: A Chronicle of Aboriginal America
' (1919) *
World-power and Evolution
' (1919) *
The Secret of the Big Trees: Yosemite Sequoia and General Grant National Parks
' (1921) *
Climatic Changes
' with Stephen Sargent Visher (1922) * ''The Character Of Races'' (1924) * ''West of the Pacific'' (1925) *
Human Habitat
' (1927) * "Agricultural Productivity and Pressure of Population," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'' Vol. 198, Present International Tensions (Jul., 1938), pp. 73–9
in JSTOR
*
Principles of Human Geography
' (with S. W. Cushing, 5th ed. 1940) * "The Geography of Human Productivity," ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' Vol. 33, No. 1 (Mar., 1943), pp. 1–3
in JSTOR
* ''Mainsprings of Civilization'' (1945)
in JSTOR
* Martin, Geoffrey J. ''Ellsworth Huntington: His Life and Thought'' (1973) * Spate, O. H. K. "Ellsworth Huntington: A Geographical Giant: Review," ''Geographical Journal'' Vol. 140, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 117–11
in JSTOR
Articles authored in Harper's Magazine
* Ellsworth Huntington Papers (MS 1). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. {{DEFAULTSORT:Huntington, Ellsworth 1876 births 1947 deaths Economic geography 20th-century American geographers Geopoliticians Presidents of the American Association of Geographers Harvard University alumni Yale University alumni American Eugenics Society members American white supremacists
geography
Geography (from Ancient Greek ; combining 'Earth' and 'write', literally 'Earth writing') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding o ...
at Yale University
Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...
during the early 20th century, known for his studies on environmental determinism
Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular economic or social developmental (or even more gener ...
/climatic determinism, economic growth
In economics, economic growth is an increase in the quantity and quality of the economic goods and Service (economics), services that a society Production (economics), produces. It can be measured as the increase in the inflation-adjusted Outp ...
, and economic geography
Economic geography is the subfield of human geography that studies economic activity and factors affecting it. It can also be considered a subfield or method in economics.
Economic geography takes a variety of approaches to many different topi ...
. He served as president of the Ecological Society of America
The Ecological Society of America (ESA) is a professional organization of ecological scientists. Based in the United States and founded in 1915, ESA publications include peer-reviewed journals, newsletters, fact sheets, and teaching resources. I ...
in 1917, the Association of American Geographers
The American Association of Geographers (AAG) is a non-profit scientific and educational society aimed at advancing the understanding, study, and importance of geography and related fields. Its headquarters is located in Washington, D.C. The ...
in 1923 and president of the board of directors of the American Eugenics Society
The American Eugenics Society (AES) was a pro-eugenics organization dedicated to "furthering the discussion, advancement, and dissemination of knowledge about biological and sociocultural forces which affect the structure and composition of huma ...
from 1934 to 1938.
He taught at Euphrates College, Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
(1897–1901); accompanied the Pumpelly (1903) and Barrett (1905–1906) expeditions to central Asia
Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...
; and wrote of his Asian experiences in ''Explorations in Turkestan'' (1905) and ''The Pulse of Asia'' (1907). He taught geography at Yale (1907–1915) and from 1917 was a research associate there, devoting his time chiefly to climatic and anthropogeographic studies. He was the 1916 recipient of the Elisha Kent Kane Gold Medal from the Geographical Society of Philadelphia.
In 1909, Huntington led the Yale Expedition to Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
. It was his mission to determine "step by step the process by which geologic structure, topographic form, and the present and past nature of the climate have shaped man's progress, moulded his history; and thus played an incalculable part in the development of a system of thought which could scarcely have arisen under any other physical circumstances."
During the Progressive Era
The Progressive Era (1890s–1920s) was a period in the United States characterized by multiple social and political reform efforts. Reformers during this era, known as progressivism in the United States, Progressives, sought to address iss ...
, Huntington expressed concern about immigration and the race mixing. He claimed that liberal immigration policy would lead to the "highest racial values" being "irrevocably swamped by those of lower calibre."
He was on the original standing committee of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles from 1941.
Bibliography
* Explorations in Turkestan: With an Account of the Basin of Eastern Persia and Sistan, Expedition of 1903, under the Direction of Raphael Pumpelly
' (1905) *
The Pulse of Asia: A Journey in Central Asia Illustrating the Geographic Basis of History
' (1907) *
Palestine and Its Transformation
' (1911)
"Changes of Climate and History,"
''American Historical Review'' Vol. 18, No. 2 (Jan., 1913), pp. 213–23
in JSTOR
''The Climatic Factor As Illustrated in Arid America''
(1914) *
Civilization and Climate
' (1915, rev. ed. 1924) * "Climatic Change and Agricultural Exhaustion as Elements in the Fall of Rome," ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'' Vol. 31, No. 2 (Feb., 1917), pp. 173–20
in JSTOR
*
The Red Man's Continent: A Chronicle of Aboriginal America
' (1919) *
World-power and Evolution
' (1919) *
The Secret of the Big Trees: Yosemite Sequoia and General Grant National Parks
' (1921) *
Climatic Changes
' with Stephen Sargent Visher (1922) * ''The Character Of Races'' (1924) * ''West of the Pacific'' (1925) *
Human Habitat
' (1927) * "Agricultural Productivity and Pressure of Population," ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'' Vol. 198, Present International Tensions (Jul., 1938), pp. 73–9
in JSTOR
*
Principles of Human Geography
' (with S. W. Cushing, 5th ed. 1940) * "The Geography of Human Productivity," ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' Vol. 33, No. 1 (Mar., 1943), pp. 1–3
in JSTOR
* ''Mainsprings of Civilization'' (1945)
See also
*Huntington family
Huntington is the surname of three prominent families from the United States of America. The first was active in the eastern region; the second played an important role in the early Latter Day Saint movement, and pioneered and founded the State ...
References
Further reading
* Fonaroff, L. Schuyler. "Was Huntington Right about Human Nutrition?" ''Annals of the Association of American Geographers'' Vol. 55, No. 3 (Sep., 1965), pp. 365–37in JSTOR
* Martin, Geoffrey J. ''Ellsworth Huntington: His Life and Thought'' (1973) * Spate, O. H. K. "Ellsworth Huntington: A Geographical Giant: Review," ''Geographical Journal'' Vol. 140, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 117–11
in JSTOR
External links
* * *Articles authored in Harper's Magazine
* Ellsworth Huntington Papers (MS 1). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. {{DEFAULTSORT:Huntington, Ellsworth 1876 births 1947 deaths Economic geography 20th-century American geographers Geopoliticians Presidents of the American Association of Geographers Harvard University alumni Yale University alumni American Eugenics Society members American white supremacists