Ellobioidea

Ellobiidae, common name the hollow-shelled snails, is a family of small air-breathing land, marine, and brackish snails; pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Eupulmonata.Bouchet, P. (2012). Ellobiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=198 on 2012-08-19 Ellobiidae is the only family in the superfamily Ellobioidea, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 16 and 20 (according to the values in this table).Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: ''Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology''. in Barker G. M. (ed.):
The biology of terrestrial molluscs
'. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, . 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.

They have a distinctive mode of locomotion arising due to a split sole. The front part of the sole adheres to the substrate and then the rear part of the sole is drawn up to the front part.

Taxonomy

Species are traditionally classified into five taxonomic groups, the Pythiidae, the Laemodontidae, the Melampodidae, the Ellobiidae and the Carychiidae. These taxa have been recognized either as families within Ellobioidea or as sub-families within the family Ellobiidae.

The family Ellobiidae consists of the following subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
* subfamily Ellobiinae Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
* subfamily Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830
* subfamily Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
* subfamily Pedipedinae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1880
* subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925 (1880)
* † subfamily Zaptychiinae Wenz, 1938

The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters and frequent low variability has led to the description of approximately 800 species names available in the literature, of which 250 are likely to be valid.

A molecular study by Dayrat at al. (2011)Dayrat B., Conrad M., Balayan S., White T. R., Albrecht C., Golding R., Gomes S., Harasewych M. G., de Frias Martins A. M. (2011). "Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of pulmonate gastropods (Mollusca): new insights from increased taxon sampling". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 59: 425-437. . for the Ellobioidea suggests a monophyletic origin of the entire group.

Genera

Genera within the family Ellobiidae include:

subfamily Ellobiinae
* '' Blauneria'' Shuttleworth, 1854
* ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798

subfamily Carychiinae
* ''Carychium'' O. F. Müller, 1773
* ''Zospeum'' Bourguignat, 1856

subfamily Melampinae
* ''Melampus'' Montfort, 1810

subfamily Pedipedinae
* '' Creedonia'' Martins, 1996
* '' Leuconopsis'' Hutton, 1884
* '' Marinula'' King & Broderip, 1832
* '' Microtralia'' Dall, 1894
* '' Pedipes'' Férussac, 1821
* '' Pseudomelampus'' Pallary, 1900
* ''Sarnia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name)
subfamily Pythiinae Odhner, 1925
* '' Allochroa'' Ancey, 1887
* '' Auriculastra'' Martens, 1880
* '' Cassidula'' Gray, 1847
*'' Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846
*'' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906
* '' Ophicardelus'' Beck, 1838
* '' Ovatella'' Bivona, 1832
* '' Pleuroloba'' Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
* ''Pythia'' Röding, 1798 - type genus of the subfamily Pythiinae.

† subfamily Zaptychiinae
* † '' Zaptychius'' Walcott, 1883 - type genus of the subfamily

subfamily ?
* '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886
* '' Auriculodes'' Strand, 1928
* '' Blauneria'' Shuttleworth, 1854
* '' Detracia'' Gray in Turton, 1840
* '' Tralia'' Gray, 1840
;Genera brought into synonymy:
* ''Alexia'' Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906
* ''Auricula'' Lamarck, 1799: synonym of ''Ellobium'' Röding, 1798
* ''Cremnobates'' Swainson, 1855: synonym of '' Marinula'' King & Broderip, 1832
* ''Jaminia'' T. Brown, 1827: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906
* ''Kochia'' Pallary, 1900: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906
* ''Laimodonta'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846
* ''Leuconia'' Gray, 1840: synonym of '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886
* ''Leucopepla'' Peile, 1926: synonym of '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886
*''Leucophytia'' Winckworth, 1949: synonym of '' Auriculinella'' Tausch, 1886
* ''Monica'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of '' Ovatella'' Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
* ''Nealexia'' Wenz, 1920: synonym of '' Myosotella'' Monterosato, 1906
* ''Phytia'': synonym of ''Pythia'' Röding, 1798
* ''Pira'' H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of ''Melampus'' Montfort, 1810
* ''Plecotrema'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of '' Laemodonta'' Philippi, 1846
* ''Rangitotoa'' Powell, 1933: synonym of '' Microtralia'' Dall, 1894
;Taxonomic note:
Genus ''Sarnia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia '' . & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239''is an incorrect subsequent spelling of ''Siona'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of '' Siona'' Duponchel, 1829 epidoptera)

Ecology

The taxon Ellobioidea comprises a group of morphologically and ecologically highly diverse snails, known to have successfully invaded the marine, brackish water and terrestrial habitats.

These are mostly snails that live in salt marshes and similar maritime habitats, and thus have a tolerance for saline conditions.

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the referenceWeigand A. M., Jochum A., Slapnik R., Schnitzler J., Zarza E. & Klussmann-Kolb A. (2013). "Evolution of microgastropods (Ellobioidea, Carychiidae): integrating taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary hypotheses". ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 13: 18. .

External links

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Gastropod families