The Elk River is a
tributary
A tributary, or an ''affluent'', is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream (''main stem'' or ''"parent"''), river, or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they ...
of the
Kanawha River, long,
in central
West Virginia
West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...
in the
United States
The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. Via the Kanawha and
Ohio
Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...
rivers, it is part of the
watershed of the
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the main stem, primary river of the largest drainage basin in the United States. It is the second-longest river in the United States, behind only the Missouri River, Missouri. From its traditional source of Lake Ita ...
.
Course
The Elk is formed in the
Allegheny Mountains
The Allegheny Mountain Range ( ) — also spelled Alleghany or Allegany, less formally the Alleghenies — is part of the vast Appalachian Mountain Range of the Eastern United States and Canada. Historically it represented a significant barr ...
in
Pocahontas County by the confluence of two short streams, the Big Spring Fork and the Old Field Fork, which join near the community of
Slatyfork. It flows above ground for several miles before it sinks into a network of caverns and flows underground for more than five miles. The old riverbed of solid rock, however, remains above ground in this section known as "The Dries." It follows a generally westward course across the unglaciated
Allegheny Plateau, through
Randolph,
Webster,
Braxton,
Clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...
, and
Kanawha Counties, past the towns of
Webster Springs,
Sutton
Sutton (''south settlement'' or ''south town'' in Old English) may refer to:
Places
United Kingdom
England
In alphabetical order by county:
* Sutton, Bedfordshire
* Sutton, Berkshire, a List of United Kingdom locations: Stu-Sz#Su, location
* S ...
,
Gassaway,
Clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, ). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impuriti ...
,
Clendenin, and
Elkview before joining the Kanawha River at
Charleston.
At Sutton, a
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers concrete
dam causes the Elk to form
Sutton Lake.
The Elk's largest tributaries are the
Holly River and the
Birch River, both of which join it in Braxton County.
The upper portion of the river, above Sutton Lake, is a popular coldwater trout stream. Some reports of a 2013
Wake Forest University
Wake Forest University (WFU) is a private research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1834, the university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest, north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The R ...
study of
selenium
Selenium is a chemical element; it has symbol (chemistry), symbol Se and atomic number 34. It has various physical appearances, including a brick-red powder, a vitreous black solid, and a grey metallic-looking form. It seldom occurs in this elem ...
contamination in Sutton Lake in North Carolina (allegedly due to coal ash from the Sutton power plant of
Duke Energy). erroneously attributed this contamination to Sutton Lake in West Virginia. Sutton Lake in North Carolina is on the Cape Fear River; whereas Sutton Lake in West Virginia is on the Elk River, an entirely different river drainage basin.
Below Sutton Lake, is a high-gradient warmwater fishery well known for its muskellunge, walleye and smallmouth bass fishing. The Elk River serves as the source of water for 1500 miles of pipeline that carry its water to customers in central and southwestern West Virginia.
Name
The river's name most likely comes from the Native Americans of the area, who saw great numbers of elk near the stream.
According to the
Geographic Names Information System
The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database of name and location information about more than two million physical and cultural features, encompassing the United States and its territories; the Compact of Free Association, asso ...
, the Elk River has also been known historically as:
*Pe-quo-ni
*Pe-quo-ni-cepe
*Pequoni
*Tis-chil-waugh
*Tiskelewah
*Tiskelwah
*To-que-man
*To-qui-min-cepe
History
Chemical spill
In January 2014 a spill of the chemical
4-methylcyclohexane methanol, a foaming agent used as a wash component in the
coal-preparation process, required West Virginia authorities to supply water to as many as 300,000 people in nine of the state's counties. The effect of the
Elk River chemical spill to the critically endangered
diamond darter fish, known only to live in the Elk River, is still unknown.
Recreation
Fishing
Multiple
West Virginia state record fish were caught along the Elk River.
See also
*
Kanawha River
*
List of West Virginia rivers
*
List of West Virginia State Fishing Records
References
Further reading
*
DeLorme
DeLorme Publishing Company is a producer of personal satellite tracking, messaging, and navigation technology. The company's main product, ''inReach'', integrates GPS and satellite technologies. ''inReach'' provides the ability to send and rec ...
(1997). ''West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer''. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. .
External links
West Virginia Encyclopedia.org: Elk River websiteArmy Corps of Engineers.mil: Sutton Lake website
{{authority control
Tributaries of the Kanawha River
Rivers of West Virginia
Monongahela National Forest
Rivers of Braxton County, West Virginia
Geography of Charleston, West Virginia
Rivers of Clay County, West Virginia
Rivers of Kanawha County, West Virginia
Rivers of Pocahontas County, West Virginia
Rivers of Randolph County, West Virginia
Rivers of Webster County, West Virginia