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Eliza Archard Conner (, Archard;
pen name A pen name, also called a ''nom de plume'' or a literary double, is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of their works in place of their real name. A pen na ...
s, Zig; E. A.; January 4, 1838 – June 4, 1912) was an American writer, journalist, novelist, lecturer, teacher, and feminist of the long nineteenth century. Hailing from
Ohio Ohio () is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Of the List of states and territories of the United States, fifty U.S. states, it is the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 34th-l ...
, Conner began writing for newspapers at the age of 13. She served in various roles for the ''Saturday Evening Post'', of
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, the ''Commercial'' of
Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state lin ...
, and the ''
New York World The ''New York World'' was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 until 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers. It was a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publ ...
'' of
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the U ...
. She also worked towards the emancipation and advancement of women.


Early life and education

Eliza Archard was born January 4, 1838, in
Monroe Township, Clermont County, Ohio Monroe Township, founded June 9, 1825, is one of the fourteen civil township, townships of Clermont County, Ohio, Clermont County, Ohio, United States. The population was 7,531 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The Grant Birthplace, bi ...
, on a farm near
Cincinnati Cincinnati ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located at the northern side of the confluence of the Licking and Ohio rivers, the latter of which marks the state lin ...
. Her parents were James and Jane Archard. Her ancestors were of Quaker, German Moravian, Irish and English Presbyterian background. They were among the pioneers of
southern Ohio Appalachian Ohio is a bioregion and political unit in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Ohio, characterized by the western foothills of the Appalachian Mountains and the Appalachian Plateau. The Appalachian Regional Commission define ...
, and one of them founded the town of New Richmond. She was educated in
Antioch College Antioch College is a private liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Founded in 1850 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1852 as a non-sectarian institution; politician and education reformer Horace Mann was i ...
,
Yellow Springs, Ohio Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States. The population was 3,697 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Dayton Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is home to Antioch College. History The area of the village had long be ...
, taking the full course in classics and higher mathematics. Her first newspaper contribution was printed when she was 13 years old.


Career

In her early career, she was a teacher and instructor in Latin and German in the
Indianapolis High School Shortridge High School is a public high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Shortridge is the home of the International Baccalaureate and arts and humanities programs of the Indianapolis Public Schools district.(IPS). Originall ...
. There, her persistent refusal to accept less wages than had been previously paid to a man teacher for doing the same work resulted in the passing of a rule by the school board that teachers of both sexes in the high school should receive the same salary. In 1865, she became a regular contributor to the ''Saturday Evening Post'', of
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, under the name of "Zig." Later, she wrote for the Cincinnati ''Commercial'', (later, '' Cincinnati Commercial Tribune'') signing the initials "E. A"; she joined the editorial staff in 1878. Conner went to
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the U ...
in 1884, serving as a literary editor of the ''
New York World The ''New York World'' was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 until 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers. It was a leading national voice of the Democratic Party. From 1883 to 1911 under publ ...
''. In the following year, she accepted a place on the editorial staff of the American Press Association syndicate in New York. In editorial writing, she regularly furnished two columns daily of 1,000 words each. Connor performed various types of newspaper work, including police-court reporting, as well as editing a live-stock and dairy department, and served as a war correspondent, covering the
Philippine–American War The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an arm ...
. Her letters to the ''Commercial'' from Europe were published in a volume called "E. A. Abroad" (Cincinnati, 1883). She also wrote several serial stories. An important part of her work for the American Press Association was the preparation of a series of newspaper pages of war history, describing the battles of the
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
. Conner is also remembered as a novelist, and for her address before the International Press Congress of Chicago. In her girlhood, Conner worked towards the emancipation and advancement of women. She originated classes in parliamentary usage and extempore speaking among women. Wherever occasion permitted, she wrote and spoke in favor of equal pay for equal work, and of widening the industrial field for women. She was deeply interested in psychological studies and in oriental philosophy, accepting the ancient doctrine of reincarnation. She was an enthusiast on the subject of physical culture for women, believing that people were meant to live outdoors and sleep in houses. She was a member of
Sorosis Sorosis Club rules in 1869 Sorosis was the first professional women's club in the United States. It was established in March 1868 in New York City. History The club was organized in New York City with 12 members in March 1868, by Jane Cunnin ...
and of the Woman's Press Club of New York City.


Personal life

On January 1, 1869, she married Dr. George Conner (born 1844), of Cincinnati. His paternal and maternal ancestors saw active service in the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...
. He attended the district school of his neighborhood. In 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth O. V. L, and participated with that regiment in many battles and skirmishes. He was with Gen.
William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his com ...
during his Atlanta Campaign, and was also with Gen.
George Henry Thomas George Henry Thomas (July 31, 1816March 28, 1870) was an American general in the Union Army during the American Civil War and one of the principal commanders in the Western Theater. Thomas served in the Mexican–American War and later ch ...
at the battle of Jacksborough, July 22, 1862. At the close of the war, Dr. Conner returned home, and soon afterward entered Parker's Academy where he was graduated in 1800. He attended Miami Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1872, with the degree of Medical Doctor, and he at once began the practice of medicine in Cincinnati. He took an active interest in the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, and the Ohio State Medical Society. He frequently wrote for newspapers and various periodicals. Conner and her husband were the parents of one child, Halstead A., who was connected with Specker Brothers & Company, Cincinnati. Eliza Archard Conner died from cancer on June 4, 1912, at in the Audubon Sanatorium in
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five Boroughs of New York City, boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the List of co ...
.


Selected works

* 1883, ''"E. A." Abroad: A Summer in Europe''


References


Attribution

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Bibliography

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External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Conner, Eliza Archard 1838 births 1912 deaths 19th-century American women writers 19th-century American journalists 19th-century American novelists American women journalists Writers from Cincinnati American feminists Antioch College alumni American women novelists People from Clermont County, Ohio Journalists from Ohio American people of Moravian-German descent American people of Irish descent American people of English descent Novelists from Ohio Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century