Eliezer Steinman (; born 1892, died 7 August 1970) was a Russian-born Israeli writer, journalist and editor.
Biography
Steinman was born in 1892 in Obodówka, part of the
Sobański estate, a village in the
Podolia Governorate of the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its establishment in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about , roughl ...
, later part of Poland after
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
, now Obodivka in
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. In his youth, while studying in
Chişinău to obtain
semikhah
''Semikhah'' () is the traditional term for rabbiinic ordination in Judaism.
The original ''semikhah'' was the formal "transmission of authority" from Moses through the generations. This form of ''semikhah'' ceased between 360 and 425 CE. Si ...
to become a
rabbi
A rabbi (; ) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as ''semikha''—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of t ...
, he began to publish his first stories. Starting in 1910, his works, in
Yiddish
Yiddish, historically Judeo-German, is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated in 9th-century Central Europe, and provided the nascent Ashkenazi community with a vernacular based on High German fused with ...
and
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...
, began to appear in newspapers such as ''"Rashaphim"'', ''"Ha-Shiluach"'' and ''"
Ha-Tsefirah"'' and he earned a living by teaching. During those years, he became associated with
David Frischmann and
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Hayim Nahman Bialik (; January 9, 1873 – July 4, 1934) was a Jewish poet who wrote primarily in Hebrew language, Hebrew and Yiddish. Bialik is considered a pioneer of modern Hebrew poetry, part of the vanguard of Jewish thinkers who gave voice ...
, who worked to obtain his release from service in the
Imperial Russian Army
The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...
.
In 1917, following the
Bolshevik Revolution
The October Revolution, also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution (in Soviet historiography), October coup, Bolshevik coup, or Bolshevik revolution, was the second of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It was led by Vladimir L ...
, he adopted a
communist
Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...
ideology and asked to be allowed to develop Hebrew culture. He moved to
Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
and began to work for the Shtiebal publishing house and published his first novel. In 1919, he moved to
Odessa
ODESSA is an American codename (from the German language, German: ''Organisation der ehemaligen SS-Angehörigen'', meaning: Organization of Former SS Members) coined in 1946 to cover Ratlines (World War II aftermath), Nazi underground escape-pl ...
and published the pamphlet ''"The Hebrew Communist"''. From 1920, Steinman was one of the regular writers for ''"Ha-Tsefirah"'' and for the Yiddush newspaper, ''"Der Mament"'' (''The Moment''). In 1923 to 1924, he published the magazine ''"Kolot"'' (''Voices'').
In 1924, Steinman emigrated with his family to
Mandate Palestine
The Mandate for Palestine was a League of Nations mandate for British administration of the territories of Palestine and Transjordanwhich had been part of the Ottoman Empire for four centuriesfollowing the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in Wo ...
and began working for the Hebrew Writers Union. He became the first editor of the Hebrew literary magazine ''"Katuvim"'' in 1926, which was founded upon the initiative of
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Hayim Nahman Bialik (; January 9, 1873 – July 4, 1934) was a Jewish poet who wrote primarily in Hebrew language, Hebrew and Yiddish. Bialik is considered a pioneer of modern Hebrew poetry, part of the vanguard of Jewish thinkers who gave voice ...
. The magazine took its name from the Katuvim group founded by Steinman,
Avraham Shlonsky
Avraham Shlonsky (; ; March 6, 1900 – May 18, 1973) was a Russian-born Israeli poet and editor.
He was influential in the development of modern Hebrew and its literature in Israel through his many acclaimed translations of literary classics, ...
and others to seek the renewal of Hebrew literature. From 1932 to 1933, Steinman was the sole editor of the magazine, which, however, lost the support of the Hebrew Writers Union. Throughout these years, Steinman continued his writing and published many books, including books of essays, novels, children's books and anthologies.
He died in
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv-Yafo ( or , ; ), sometimes rendered as Tel Aviv-Jaffa, and usually referred to as just Tel Aviv, is the most populous city in the Gush Dan metropolitan area of Israel. Located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline and with a popula ...
in 1970.
Awards and honours
* In 1959, Steinman was the co-recipient (jointly with
Avraham Shlonsky
Avraham Shlonsky (; ; March 6, 1900 – May 18, 1973) was a Russian-born Israeli poet and editor.
He was influential in the development of modern Hebrew and its literature in Israel through his many acclaimed translations of literary classics, ...
) of the
Bialik Prize
The Bialik Prize is an annual literary award given by the municipality of Tel Aviv, Israel, for significant accomplishments in Hebrew literature. The prize is named in memory of Israel's national poet Hayyim Nahman Bialik. There are two separate p ...
for literature.
* In 1963, he was awarded the
Israel Prize
The Israel Prize (; ''pras israél'') is an award bestowed by the State of Israel, and regarded as the state's highest cultural honor.
History
Prior to the Israel Prize, the most significant award in the arts was the Dizengoff Prize and in Israel ...
, in literature.
Family
Steinman's sons are the writers,
Nathan Shaham and
David Shaham.
Published works
''To be completed''
References
See also
*
List of Israel Prize recipients
This is an incomplete list of recipients of the Israel Prize from the inception of the Prize in 1953 - 2025.
List
For each year, the recipients are, in most instances, listed in the order in which they appear on the official Israel Prize website ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Steinman, Eliezer
1892 births
1970 deaths
People from Vinnytsia Oblast
People from Olgopolsky Uyezd
Ukrainian Jews
Soviet emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine
Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
Israeli people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Israeli novelists
Israeli children's writers
Yiddish-language writers
Israel Prize in literature recipients
20th-century novelists
20th-century Israeli journalists
Bialik Prize recipients