Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers from

electric current An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface. The moving particles are called charge c ...

arcing An electric arc (or arc discharge) is an electrical breakdown of a gas that produces a prolonged electrical discharge. The current through a normally nonconductive medium such as air produces a plasma, which may produce visible light. An ar ...

electromagnetic field An electromagnetic field (also EM field) is a physical field, varying in space and time, that represents the electric and magnetic influences generated by and acting upon electric charges. The field at any point in space and time can be regarde ...

s and

static electricity Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. The charge remains until it can move away by an electric current or electrical discharge. The word "static" is used to differentiate it from electric ...

History

The electrical safety develops with the technical progress. In 1989

OSHA The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA; ) is a regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces. The United States Congress established ...

promulgated a much-needed regulation in the General Industry Regulations. Several standards are defined for control of hazardous energy, or lockout/tagout. In 1995 OSHA was successful in promulgation of regulations for utility. In 1994 were established Electrical Safety Foundation International non-profit organization dedicated exclusively to promoting electrical safety at home and in the workplace. * Standard 29 CFR 1910.269 – for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution, contained comprehensive regulations and addressed control of hazardous energy sources for power plant locations Standards are compared with those of

IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is an American 501(c)(3) organization, 501(c)(3) public charity professional organization for electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and other related disciplines. The IEEE ...

and

National Fire Protection Association The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a U.S.-based international nonprofit organization devoted to eliminating death, injury, property damage, and economic loss due to fire, electrical, and related hazards. , the NFPA claims to have 5 ...

Lightning and earthing protection

Lightning and Earthing protection systems are essential for the protection of

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus ''Homo''. They are Hominidae, great apes characterized by their Prehistory of nakedness and clothing ...

structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...

s, protecting

building A building or edifice is an enclosed Structure#Load-bearing, structure with a roof, walls and window, windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, a ...

s from mechanical destruction caused by lightning effects and the associated risk of fire,

Transmission line In electrical engineering, a transmission line is a specialized cable or other structure designed to conduct electromagnetic waves in a contained manner. The term applies when the conductors are long enough that the wave nature of the transmis ...

s, and electrical equipment from electric shock and Overcurrent.

Earthing protection systems

*TT system *TN system *IT system

Lightning protection systems

lightning rod A lightning rod or lightning conductor (British English) is a metal rod mounted on a structure and intended to protect the structure from a lightning strike. If lightning hits the structure, it is most likely to strike the rod and be conducted ...

(simple rod or with triggering system) *lightning rod with taut wires. *lightning conductor with meshed cage (Faraday cage)

Physiological effects of electricity

Electrical shocks on humans can lead to permanent disabilities or death. Size, frequency and duration of the electrical current affect the damage. The effects from electric shock can be: stopping the heart beating properly, preventing the person from breathing, causing muscle spasms. The skin features also affect the consequences of electric shock. IEC TS 60479-1 electric shock graph

*Indirect contact – can be avoided by automatic disconnection for TT system, automatic disconnection for TN systems, automatic disconnection on a second fault in an IT system, measures of protection against direct or indirect contact without automatic disconnection of supply *Direct contact – can be avoided by protection by the insulation of live parts, protection by means of barriers or enclosures, partial measures of protection, particular measures of protection

Electrical safety conductors

* – NEC 2008 Table 250.122 – Safeco Electric Supply

Electrical safety standards

* – Australian Standards AS/NZS 3000:2007, AS/NZS 3012:2010, AS/NZS 3017:2007, AS/NZS 3760:2010, AS/NZS 4836:2011 * – National Regulation – NR10 * – Български Държавен Стандарт – (On English:Bulgarian state standard) – БДС 12.2.096:1986 * – GB4943, GB17625, GB9254 * – La norme français C 15-100 – Aspects de la norme d’installation électrique * – IEEE/TÜV, NSR Niederspannungsrichtlinie 2014/35/EU * – India Standardization IS-5216, IS-5571, IS-6665 * – * – Polska Norma PN-EN 61010-2-201:2013-12E * – ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р МЭК 61140-2000,ГОСТ 12.2.007.0-75,ГОСТ Р 52726-2007 * – British standards

BS 7671 British Standard BS 7671 "Requirements for Electrical Installations. IET Wiring Regulations", informally called in the UK electrical community "The Regs", is the national standard in the United Kingdom for electrical installation and the safet ...

, BS EN 61439, BS 5266, BS 5839, BS 6423, BS 6626, BS EN 62305, BS EN 60529 * – OSHA, NFPA 70, NFPA 70E

Lightning protection standards

* – БДС EN 62305-1:2011 * – GB/T 36490–2018 * – UNE 21186. Protección contra el rayo * – Norme NF C 15–100 * – DIN EN 62305–1 * – IS 2309 * – SNI 03–7015–2004 * – PN-EN 62305 * – СТО 083-004-2010,ГОСТ Р МЭК 62561.2-2014 * – BS-EN 62305 * – NFPA 780, IEC 62305

Electronics and communications

Electronic products safety standards

The manufacturers of electronic tools must take into account several standard for electronic safety to protect the health of humans and animals. * – CNC-St2-44.01 V02.1.1 * –

CE Marking The presence of the logo on Product (business), commercial products indicates that the Manufacturing, manufacturer or importer affirms the goods' conformity with European Environment, health and safety, health, safety, and environmental prote ...

* – MET MOC 023/96 * – PSE law * – NOM-152 * – ANSI C95.3:1972 – Techniques & instrumentation for measurement of potentially hazardous electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies.

Communication and high frequency safety standards

Few standard were introduced for the harmful impact from high frequency. * – CB-02 Radio Equipment * – ГОСТ Р 50829-95 for radio Communication safety * – ANSI/IEEE 1.2 mW/Cm for antennas 1800-2000 MHz range, ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 for radio Communication safety * Mobile Communication safety 73/23/EEC and 91/263/EECГОСТ
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External Links

Electrical Color Codes

Gallery

File:Singapore Danger-Signs-02.jpg, Danger symbol File:Prinzip Schutztrennung.svg, Principle Protection separation File:Safe distances.jpg, Safe distances earthing File:Kikingaradi2.jpg, Lightning rod File:Sitrenn.png, Extra low voltage symbol File:Fire extinguisher with sign.JPG, Fire protection symbol File:ISO 7010 W012.svg, ISO 7010 pictogram for electrical hazards.

References

{{reflist, 30em Electrical engineering

Standards Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object t ...

Lists of standards