Eldredgeops Eye

''Eldredgeops'' is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, family Phacopidae, known from the late Middle and earliest Upper Devonian of Morocco and the USA.

Description

Like in all sighted Phacopina, the eyes of ''Eldredgeops'' are composed of very large (0.5mm in ''Eldredgeops rana''), separately set lenses without a common cornea (so called schizochroal eyes), and like almost all other Phacopina, the articulate mid-length part of the body (or thorax) in ''Eldredgeops'' has 11 segments.

In contrast to the related ''Phacops'', ''Eldredgeops'' generally has a raised ridge along the ventral margin of the cephalon, the glabella is more inflated, the lateral parts of the preoccipital ring are rectangular (and not round), the palpebral area and palpebral lobe are larger than in ''P. latifrons'' (the type species of ''Phacops''), and there is no fold right behind the posterior vertical row of lenses nor an isolated raised area just below the lenses.

Distribution

All phacopids died out in North America during the Kačák Event at the end of the Eifelian. The phacopids returned to North America during the early Givetian with the emigration of ''Eldredgeops'' species from Morocco.

Taxonomy

The species included in ''Eldredgeops'' were previously regarded as belonging to ''Phacops''. It was considered however that the post-Eifelian North-American relatives of ''P. rana'' differ sufficiently from those found in Africa and Europe to be assigned to a separate genus. The new name is used for the North American species as the type species ''Phacops latifrons'' is European. However, old combinations like ''Phacops rana'' are widely used among fossil collectors. Pre-Givetian North-American species previously included in ''Phacops'' have also been reassigned, such as ''P. cristatus'' (now referred to ''Viaphacops''), ''P. microps'' and ''P. raymondi'' (now ''Kainops''), ''P. cambelli'', ''P. birdsongensis'', ''P. claviger'' and ''P. logani'' (now '' Paciphacops'').

Species and occurrence

* ''E. rana'' (Green, 1832) = ''Phacops rana rana'' is present in the Givetian (Middle Cazenovian, Stafford limestone, west New York State; Iowa and adjacent states; Tioughniogan of the Appalachians and New York State) and Frasnian (Chemung sandstones, New York and Maryland).
* ''E. africanus'' (Burton & Eldredge, 1974) = ''P. rana africanus'', occurs in Morocco
* ''E. crassituberculata'' (Stumm, 1953) = ''Phacops rana crassituberculata'', appears in the Givetian (Lower Cazenovian) of the US (Delaware and Dundee Limestone, Ohio; and Soltsville siltstone, east central New York State).
* ''E. milleri'' (Stewart, 1927) = ''Phacops rana milleri'', has been excavated from the Givetian (Middle and Upper Cazenovian, Tully Formation, New York State; Michigan and Iowa).
* ''E. norwoodensis'' (Stumm, 1953) = ''Phacops rana norwoodensis'', found in Givetian strata (Traverse Group of Michigan, Milwaukee Formation of Wisconsin, and Cedar Valley Group of Iowa and Illinois).
* ''E. paucituberculata'' (Eldredge, 1972) = ''Phacops rana paucituberculata'', can be found in the Givetian (Cazenovian) of the US (Plum Brook shale of north-central Ohio; and Upper Ferron Point shale of northeast Michigan).
* ''E. tindoufensis'' (Burton & Eldredge, 1974) = ''P. rana tindoufensis'', is found in Morocco.

References

Paleobiology Database entry

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5354158

Phacopidae
Devonian trilobites of North America
Middle Devonian first appearances
Frasnian extinctions
Paleozoic life of Ontario