Efrapeptins are

peptide Peptides (, ) are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Long chains of amino acids are called proteins. Chains of fewer than twenty amino acids are called oligopeptides, and include dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides. ...

s produced by fungi in the genus '' Tolypocladium'' that have antifungal, insecticidal, and mitochondrial

ATPase ATPases (, Adenosine 5'-TriPhosphatase, adenylpyrophosphatase, ATP monophosphatase, triphosphatase, SV40 T-antigen, ATP hydrolase, complex V (mitochondrial electron transport), (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, HCO3−-ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase) are ...

inhibitory activities. They are produced via a biosynthetic pathway similar to but simpler than the

Ciclosporin Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication. It is a natural product. It is taken orally or intravenously for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's diseas ...

pathway, with

nonribosomal peptide Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Nonribosomal peptides are also found in higher organisms, such as nudibranchs, but are thought to be made by bacte ...

synthase (NRPS) and/or

polyketide synthase Polyketides are a class of natural products derived from a precursor molecule consisting of a chain of alternating ketone (or reduced forms of a ketone) and methylene groups: (-CO-CH2-). First studied in the early 20th century, discovery, biosynth ...

(PKS) being the key elements. The amino acid sequences of efrapeptins are: :Efrapeptin F: Ac-Pip-Aib-Pip-Aib-Aib-Leu-bAla-Gly-Aib-Aib-Pip-Aib-Ala-Leu-Iva-Unk :Efrapeptin G: Ac-Pip-Aib-Pip-Iva-Aib-Leu-bAla-Gly-Aib-Aib-Pip-Aib-Ala-Leu-Iva-Unk ::Aib: 2-methylalanine; Iva: 2-ethylalanine; Unk: does not match to a known amino acid

References

External links

* - Efrapeptin F
Efrapeptin F
at ChemSpider * - Efrapeptin G
Efrapeptin G
at ChemSpider Antimicrobial peptides {{organic-chem-stub