Efim Minin
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Efim Semyonovich Minin (, ); 20 October O.S. 8 October">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 8 October1896 – 29 December 1937) was a Byelorussian artist and graphic artist of Jewish origin. He was executed in Vitebsk during the Stalinist repressions.


Biography

Efim Minin was born on 20 October 1896, in Surazh, Vitebsk">Surazh, Vitebsk Region">Surazh, Vitebsk province, Russian Empire">Vitebsk.html" ;"title="Surazh, Vitebsk Region">Surazh, Vitebsk">Surazh, Vitebsk Region">Surazh, Vitebsk province, Russian Empire. His grandfather, Timofei Ivanovich Minin, was the head of the Old Believers community, had 10 children and lived for 103 years. His father, Semyon Timofeyevich (1860-1940), was a Surazh burgher. His mother, Anna Mikhailovna Kazakova (1866-1909), was the daughter of a nachetnik (начётчики) of the Old Believer community.Vitebsk encyclopaedia: Efim Semyonovich Minin
/ref> In 1913-1915 he studied at the V. Grekov Commercial School in Vitebsk. He served in the army during the First World War. After demobilisation in 1918 he entered the Vitebsk Art studio of Yehuda (Yuri) Pen; he was also a pupil of Solomon Judowin. In 1920-1921 he taught at the Vitebsk Art and Practice Institute. Due to disagreements with the actions of the new management of the institute, on 23 September 1923, together with Pen (vice-rector for academic work), Judowin and a group of students, he prepared a collective resignation letter and left the institute. Later, until the end of the 1920s, he taught at the Vitebsk Jewish Pedagogical Technical School. During the period of mass repressions in January 1933, Vitaly Volsky, a member of the All-Union Cheka-GPU (he was briefly director of the Belarusian Art College when Minin returned to teach there), published an article in the national magazine ''Mastatsstva i revalutsiya'' entitled ''About the recurrence of national-democratism in the works of the artist Minin''. A quote about bookplates that Minin had created gives an idea of the style of the article's denunciation of his work: The article was reprinted immediately in other publications, including the newspaper ''Vitsiebskі Praletary''. Efim Minin was arrested in November 1937 in Vitebsk. By the decision of the Commission of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (
NKVD The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (, ), abbreviated as NKVD (; ), was the interior ministry and secret police of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946. The agency was formed to succeed the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) se ...
) and the USSR Prosecutor's Office of 19 November 1937 he was sentenced to execution as a member of the
Polish Military Organisation The Polish Military Organisation, PMO (, POW) was a secret military organization that was formed during World War I (1914–1918). Józef Piłsudski founded the group in August 1914. It adopted the name ''POW'' in November 1914 and aimed to gathe ...
(
POW POW is "prisoner of war", a person, whether civilian or combatant, who is held in custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. POW or pow may also refer to: Music * P.O.W (Bullet for My Valentine song), "P.O.W" (Bull ...
), although it existed only during the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. The sentence was executed on 29 December of the same year in the basement of the UNKVD building in Vitebsk.
Sakharov Center The Sakharov Center () was a museum and cultural center in Moscow devoted to protection of human rights in Russia and preserving the legacy of the prominent physicist and Nobel Prize winning human rights activist Andrei Sakharov. It was founded by ...
Biography: Minin Yefim Semyonovich
Minin was rehabilitated posthumously in 1958.


Selected paintings

Efim Minin was a graphic artist, portraitist, and exlibrist. From 1920 he worked mainly in woodcut technique. The leading theme of his work was urban landscapes of Vitebsk. File:Яфім Мінін. Стары. 1928.jpg File:Экслібрыс М. Каспяровіча (1925) мастака Я. Мініна..jpg File:Экслібрыс Аляксандра Шлюбскага (1926) мастака Я. Мініна..jpg File:Я. Мінін. Аўтаэкслібрыс.jpg File:Яфім Мінін. Экслібрыс Віцебскага дзяржаўнага музея.jpg


Drawings of Vitebsk

File:Viciebsk, Vićba-Padłoh. Віцебск, Віцьба-Падлог (J. Minin, 1926).jpg, 1926 File:Jafim Minin Viciebsk1.jpg, 1927 File:Viciebsk, Padłoh. Віцебск, Падлог (J. Minin, 1927).jpg, 1927 File:Viciebsk, Pračyścienskaja hara. Віцебск, Прачысьценская гара (J. Minin, 1927).jpg, 1927 File:Viciebsk, Pieskavacik, Trajeckaja. Віцебск, Пескавацік, Траецкая (J. Minin, 1901-17, 1928).jpg, 1928


Museums

Minin's works can be found in museums *
Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts The Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts (, abbreviated as , ''GMII'') is the largest museum of European art in Moscow. It is located in Volkhonka street, just opposite the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour. The International musical festival Sviatos ...
, Moscow; *
Vitebsk regional museum The Vitebsk Regional History Museum (, ) is a museum in Vitebsk, Belarus. History Its history begins in the 19th Century, when in 1868 the city opened its first museum in through the Governmental Statistics Committee. In 1918 the Vitebsk Governm ...
; * National Art Museum of the Republic of Belarus, Minsk.


See also

List of Russian artists This is a list of Russian artists. In this context, the term "Russian" covers the Russian Federation, Soviet Union, Russian Empire, Tsardom of Russia and Grand Duchy of Moscow, including ethnic Russians and people of other ethnicities living in Rus ...
1896 births 1937 deaths People from Vitebsk 20th-century Russian Jews Russian male painters Soviet painters 20th-century Belarusian male artists Jewish painters Soviet Jews Great Purge victims from Russia Executed artists Great Purge victims from Belarus Jews executed by the Soviet Union Soviet rehabilitations Jews from the Russian Empire Belarusian Jews


References

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