Edward Topsell

Edward Topsell (''circa'' 1572 – 1625) was an English cleric and author best remembered for his bestiary.

Topsell was born and educated in Sevenoaks, Kent. He attended Christ's College, Cambridge, earned his B.A. and probably an M.A., as well, before beginning a career in the Church of England. He served as the first rector of East Hoathly in Sussex, and subsequently became the perpetual curate of St Botolph's, Aldersgate (1604). He was the author of books on religious and moral themes, including ''The Reward of Religion'' (1596) and ''Time's Lamentation'' (1599), among others.

Topsell's ''The History of Four-footed Beasts'' (1607) and ''The History of Serpents'' (1608), both published by William Jaggard, were reprinted together as ''The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents'' in 1658. An 1100-page treatise on zoology, Topsell's work repeats ancient and fantastic legends about actual animals, as well as reports of mythical animals. Topsell, not a naturalist himself, relied on earlier authorities, most notably the '' Historiae animalium'' of the Swiss scholar Conrad Gessner. "I would not have the Reader," Topsell writes, "... imagine I have ... related all that is ever said of these Beasts, but only hatis said by many."

Topsell's work is remembered chiefly for its detailed and vigorous illustrations, including the famous image known as '' Dürer's Rhinoceros''. The illustrations have been widely reproduced in many contexts, and Topsell's bestiary has been reprinted in various modern editions, usually in greatly reduced form.

Superstitions about actual animals

Topsell, repeating ancient legends, assigns exotic attributes to actual animals. He writes, for example, that:

*True toads have a toadstone in their heads that protects people from poison.
* Weasels give birth through their ears.
*Lemmings graze in the clouds.
*Elephants worship the sun and the moon and become pregnant by chewing on mandrake.
*Apes are terrified of snails.

Of the procreation of mice, Topsell writes, it "is not only by copulation, but also nature worketh wonderfully in ingenduring them by earth."

Fantastic animals

Relying on the authority of "sundry learned men", Topsell includes the Gorgon, the Sphinx, the Manticore, the Lamia, the Winged Dragon and the Unicorn. He does, however, express skepticism regarding the Hydra.

Other quotations

"It is as necessary, or rather more necessary, for most men to know how to take mice, than how to take elephants."(Auden & Kronenberger 1966)

Gallery from ''The History of the Four-footed Beasts and Serpents'', 1658

File:Megafauna1.jpg, Rhinoceros woodcut
File:OftheAfricanBugil-Cow.jpg, African Bugil-Cow woodcut
File:Baboon-Tartarine.jpg, Baboon-Tartarine woodcut
File:Bloodhound-Eng.jpg, Bloodhound woodcut
File:Sea-Horse.jpg, Hippopotamus woodcut
File:Ofthetiger.jpg, Tiger woodcut

See also

* Apollonian and Dionysian

References

Bibliography

* Auden, W.H.; Kronenberger, Louis (1966), The Viking Book of Aphorisms, New York: Viking Press
*

External links

Topsell’s Beasts
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20060909061151/http://www.library.rdg.ac.uk/colls/special/featureditem/topsell/ Page at University of Reading*175 images from Topsell's book, ''The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents'', can be viewed at th
University of Houston Digital Library

{{DEFAULTSORT:Topsell, Edward
1570s births
1625 deaths
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
16th-century English naturalists
17th-century English naturalists
16th-century English writers
16th-century English male writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
17th-century English Anglican priests
People from Sevenoaks
Parson-naturalists