Eastern Range (,''Vostochny Khrebet'') is a

mountain range A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arise ...

on the

Kamchatka Peninsula The Kamchatka Peninsula (russian: полуостров Камчатка, Poluostrov Kamchatka, ) is a peninsula in the Russian Far East, with an area of about . The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk make up the peninsula's eastern and we ...

Kamchatka Krai Kamchatka Krai ( rus, Камча́тский край, r=Kamchatsky kray, p=kɐmˈtɕatskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), situated in the Russian Far East, and is administratively part of the Far Eastern Federal District. ...

Russian Far East The Russian Far East (russian: Дальний Восток России, r=Dal'niy Vostok Rossii, p=ˈdalʲnʲɪj vɐˈstok rɐˈsʲiɪ) is a region in Northeast Asia. It is the easternmost part of Russia and the Asian continent; and is admin ...

. It is a complex range mainly consisting of volcanic peaks. Together with the Middle Range, it is one of the two main mountain systems of the peninsula.Восточный хребет /

Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; ) is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Bolshaya rossiyskaya e ...

; in 35 vols. / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov. 2004—2017.

Geography

The Eastern Range stretches roughly from NNE to SSW for along the eastern part of the peninsula between the southern

Karaginsky Gulf Karaginsky Gulf (russian: Карагинский залив) is a large gulf in the Bering Sea off the northeastern coast of Kamchatka (Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Eur ...

at the northern end and Avacha Bay at the southern. The highest point is

Klyuchevskaya Sopka Klyuchevskaya Sopka (russian: Ключевская сопка; also known as Klyuchevskoi, russian: Ключевской) is a stratovolcano, the highest mountain of Siberia and the highest active volcano of Eurasia. Its steep, symmetrical cone t ...

, a high

stratovolcano A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava and tephra. Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and p ...

. The range is made up of a number of separate ranges having steep western slopes and more gentle eastern ones. The central Kamchatka Depression, with the valley of the

Kamchatka River The Kamchatka (russian: Камча́тка) is the longest river in Kamchatka peninsula, located in Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Far East. It flows into the Pacific Ocean at the town Ust-Kamchatsk, on the east coast of Kamchatka. It is long, a ...

, separates the Eastern Range from the Middle Range of the peninsula to the west. Google Earth The main part of the Eastern Range is part of the East Kamchatka Anticline dating back to the

Cenozoic The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configu ...

orogeny Orogeny is a mountain building process. An orogeny is an event that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin. An '' orogenic belt'' or ''orogen'' develops as the compressed plate crumples and is uplifted ...

, composed of

Upper Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', ...

sediments and

volcanic rock Volcanic rock (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) is a rock formed from lava erupted from a volcano. In other words, it differs from other igneous rock by being of volcanic origin. Like all rock types, the concept of volcan ...

s, such as

basalt Basalt (; ) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive igneous rock formed from the rapid cooling of low-viscosity lava rich in magnesium and iron (mafic lava) exposed at or very near the surface of a rocky planet or moon. More than 90% of a ...

and

tuff Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. Following ejection and deposition, the ash is lithified into a solid rock. Rock that contains greater than 75% ash is considered tuff, while rock ...

Subranges

The system of the Eastern Range comprises a number of subranges, including the following: * Kumroch Range, highest point . The northernmost subrange. * Tumrok Range, highest point . * Valagin Range, highest point . * Ganal Range, highest point . The southernmost subrange . Some geographic works include the Kluchevskaya group of volcanoes, highest point , as well as the Gamchen Range, highest point , as part of the Eastern Range. The first is located to the west of the Kumroch Range and the other to the east of the Tumrok Range.''Wielka Encyklopedia Gór i Alpinizmu (United Encyclopedia Mountains and Mountaineering)'', Volume 2 Asia Mountains, Katowice STAPIS Publishing, 2005, The Eastern Kamchatka zone of recent and ongoing

volcanic eruptions Several types of volcanic eruptions—during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and volcanic blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure—have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are ofte ...

is around the area where the Valagin and the Tumrok ranges meet, with a number of active volcanoes, such as the Kizimen,

Shiveluch Shiveluch (russian: Шивелуч), also called Sheveluch, which originates from the name "suelich" which means "smoking mountain" in Itelmen is the northernmost active volcano in Kamchatka Krai, Russia. It and Karymsky are Kamchatka's largest, ...

and Karymskaya Sopka.

Flora

The lower parts of the slopes of the Eastern Range are covered in

birch A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus ''Betula'' (), in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams. It is closely related to the beech- oak family Fagaceae. The genus ''Betula'' contains 3 ...

and

fir Firs (''Abies'') are a genus of 48–56 species of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Pinaceae. They are found on mountains throughout much of North and Central America, Europe, Asia, and North Africa. The genus is most closely related to ...

forests and

dwarf cedar ''Pinus sibirica'', or Siberian pine, in the family Pinaceae is a species of pine tree that occurs in Siberia from 58°E in the Ural Mountains east to 126°E in the Stanovoy Range in southern Sakha Republic, and from Igarka at 68°N in the lowe ...

shrub, as well as

rhododendron ''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nativ ...

References

External links

*{{commonscat inline, Eastern Range Mountain ranges of Russia Mountains of Kamchatka Krai

Geography

Subranges

Flora

See also

References

External links