The Eastern Front (

Modern Turkish Turkish ( , , also known as 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, a member of Oghuz branch with around 90 million speakers. It is the national language of Turkey and one of two official languages of Cyprus. Si ...

: ''Şark Cephesi'' or ''Doğu Cephesi'') was one of the fronts of the Army of the Grand National Assembly during the

Turkish War of Independence , strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...

. Its commanded all military units in

Eastern Region Eastern Region or East Region may refer to: * Eastern Region (Abu Dhabi): Al Ain *Eastern Region, Ghana *Eastern Region (Iceland) *Eastern Region, Malta *Eastern Region, Nepal *Eastern Region, Nigeria * Eastern Region, Serbia *Eastern Region, Ugand ...

. At first, its headquarters was located at

Erzurum Erzurum (; ) is a List of cities in Turkey, city in eastern Anatolia, Turkey. It is the largest city and capital of Erzurum Province and is 1,900 meters (6,233 feet) above sea level. Erzurum had a population of 367,250 in 2010. It is the site of an ...

, and moved to

Sarıkamış Sarıkamış or Sarikamish (, ) is a town in Kars Province in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sarıkamış District.Kars Kars ( or ; ; ) is a city in northeast Turkey. It is the seat of Kars Province and Kars District.� ...

during the

Turkish–Armenian War The Turkish–Armenian War (), known in Turkey as the Eastern Front () of the Turkish War of Independence, was a conflict between the First Republic of Armenia and the Turkish National Movement following the collapse of the Treaty of Sèvres i ...

(which itself is usually referred to synecdochically as the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence). The Eastern Front has its foundations in remnants of the XV Corps of the

Ottoman Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire () was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire. It was founded in 1299 and dissolved in 1922. Army The Military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the years ...

. It engaged in the

and the Georgian operations.

Formations

Order of battle of the XV Corps, April 2, 1919

On April 2, 1919, the XV Corps was organized as follows:''Türk İstiklâl Harbi'' III ncü Cilt: Doğu Cephesi (1919 - 1921), Genelkurmay Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı Yayınları, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, Ankara, 1995, , pp .45-48. *3rd Caucasian Division (commander:

Kaymakam Kaymakam, also known by #Names, many other romanizations, was a title used by various officials of the Ottoman Empire, including acting grand viziers, governors of provincial sanjaks, and administrators of district kazas. The title has been reta ...

Halid Bey (Karsıalan), chief of staff: Kurmay

Binbaşı A ''binbashi'', alternatively ''bimbashi'', (from , "chief of a thousand", "chiliarch") is a major in the Turkish army, of which term originated in the Ottoman army. The title was also used for a major in the Khedivial Egyptian army as ''Bimba ...

Yusuf Kemal Bey, Tortum - Isısu - Zivin - Girekösek areas, headquarters: Girekösek, present-day Yeşildere) **7th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Zivin, moved to Trabzon) **8th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Tortum, moved to Gümüşhane) **11th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (İspir, moved to Hopa) **3rd Artillery Regiment **Cavalry company **Health company * 9th Caucasian Division (commander:

Miralay ''Miralay'' or ''Mîr-i alay'' (Gendarmerie: ''Alaybeyi'') was a military rank of the Ottoman Army and Navy. The modern Turkish equivalent is ''Albay'', meaning Colonel. ''Miralay'' is a compound word composed of '' Mir'' (commander) and ''Ala ...

Rushidi Bey, chief of staff: Kurmay Binbaşı Fahri Bey, Erzurum - Hasankale areas, headquarters: Erzurum) **17th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Erzurum, moved to Erzincan and Mamahatun areas) **28th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Hasankale, Bayburt, Hat areas) **29th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Hasankale) **9th Artillery Regiment (Hasankale) **Cavalry company **Health company * 11th Caucasian Division (commander: Kaymakam Djavid Bey (Erdel), chief of staff: Kurmay Binbaşı Veysel Bey (Ünüvar), Doğubayazıt - Van - Erniş areas, headquarters:

Van A van is a type of road vehicle used for transporting goods or people. There is some variation in the scope of the word across the different English-speaking countries. The smallest vans, microvans, are used for transporting either goods or ...

) **18th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Doğubayazıt area) **33rd Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Erniş) **34th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Van) **11th Artillery Regiment (1st Battalion - Van, 2nd Battalion - Erniş) **Cavalry company (Van) **Health company (Van) * 12th Division (commander: Kaymakam Osman Nuri Bey (Koptagel), chief of staff: Kurmay Yüzbaşı Yusuf Kâmil Bey, Kötek - Tuti - Kamasor present-day Yolaçan, Kars) areas, headquarters: Ali Çeyrek in

Horasan Horasan (), is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,740 km2, and its population is 36,519 (2022). The mayor is Hayrettin Özdemir ( AKP). Horasan is located in the east of Erzurum Province, and borders the p ...

) **34th Infantry Regiment (between Horasan and Zirin) **35th Infantry Regiment (Pasin Karakilisesi area) **36th Infantry Regiment (Horasan) **12th Artillery Regiment (one battalion - Tuti, one battalion - Kamasor) **Cavalry company **Health company *15th Infantry Regiment *15th Cavalry Regiment (commander: Miralay Mehmed Bey) *15th Artillery Regiment (commander: Miralay Faruk Bey) *15th Engineer Company *15th Construction Company *15th Transport Company *11th Transport Company *Transport Company *Headquarters Cavalry Company *Flight Squadron *Telegraph Company *Service Company *Wireless Telegraph Company *Military Band Company * Erzurum Fortified Area Command **Heavy Artillery Regiment **Engineer Battalion **Wireless Telegraph Detachment **Searchlight Detachment

Order of Battle of the XV Corps, May 15, 1919

On May 15, 1919, the XV Corps was organized as follows:

Order of Battle, June 22, 1920

On June 22, 1920, the Eastern Front was organized as follows:

Nahcivan Detachment

On August 11, 1920, the Nahcivan Detachment was organized as follows: *1st Battalion of the 18th Infantry Regiment *1st Battalion of the 34th Infantry Regiment *Machinegun Company of the 34th Infantry Regiment *2nd Company of the 34th Infantry Regiment *Machinegun Company *4th Battery *HG of the Nahcivan Detachment

Order of Battle, October 1, 1922

On October 1, 1922, the Eastern Front still existed.