The Mutual Association of Eastern Colored Clubs, more commonly known as the Eastern Colored League (ECL), was one of the several
Negro leagues
The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams of African Americans. The term may be used broadly to include professional black teams outside the leagues and it may be used narrowly for the seven relativel ...
, which operated during the time organized baseball was segregated.
League history
Founding
The ECL was founded in
1923
In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days was skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, 15 February ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Thursday, 1 March ' ...
when the Philadelphia-area
Hilldale Club and the
Bacharach Giants of Atlantic City, both associate members of the midwest-based
Negro National League (NNL), broke with the NNL and allied with the white promoter
Nat Strong to form an east coast league. The charter members were:
Hilldale, the
Bacharach Giants, the
Brooklyn Royal Giants, the
Cuban Stars (East), the
Lincoln Giants of New York, and the
Baltimore Black Sox. In 1924 the
Harrisburg Giants
The Harrisburg Giants were a U.S. professional Negro league baseball team based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
History
Originally formed in April 1890 by Colonel William "C.W." Strothers as an amateur team, they became s ...
and
Washington Potomacs joined, bringing the circuit to eight clubs. The ECL raided the NNL for players, including Hall of Famers
Oscar Charleston,
Biz Mackey, and
John Henry Lloyd, starting a war that lasted for two years.
In 1925 the Washington Potomacs moved to Wilmington, Delaware, but still disbanded in July. Their 1926 replacement, the
Newark Stars, folded after only 11 games.
Uneasy peace
At the end of the 1924 season the two leagues made peace and arranged for a
Colored World Series
The Negro World Series was a post-season baseball tournament that was held from 1924 to 1927 and from 1942 to 1948 between the champions of the Negro leagues, matching the mid-western winners against their east-coast counterparts. The series was ...
between their champions. This series was played each year from 1924 through 1927. The only ECL club to win the World Series was
Hilldale in 1925.
Demise
Beginning in 1927 the league was wracked by dissension between club owners. New York's
Lincoln Giants dropped out for that season. They returned the next, but then
Hilldale, the
Brooklyn Royal Giants, and the
Harrisburg Giants
The Harrisburg Giants were a U.S. professional Negro league baseball team based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
History
Originally formed in April 1890 by Colonel William "C.W." Strothers as an amateur team, they became s ...
all dropped out. The
Philadelphia Tigers were recruited to bring the league up to five teams for 1928. The ECL staggered through May, but finally disbanded in the midst of disputes over player contracts at the beginning of June.
ECL franchises
:''Annual final standings:
1923
In Greece, this year contained only 352 days as 13 days was skipped to achieve the calendrical switch from Julian to Gregorian Calendar. It happened there that Wednesday, 15 February ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Thursday, 1 March ' ...
,
1924,
1925
Events January
* January 1 – The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria (1925–1930), State of Syria.
* January 3 – Benito Mussolini m ...
,
1926
In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the ...
,
1927
Events January
* January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
,
1928
Events January
* January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly demonstrating that DNA is the genetic material.
* January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris B ...
''
*
Atlantic City Bacharach Giants (1923–1928)
*
Baltimore Black Sox (1923–1928)
*
Brooklyn Royal Giants (1923–1928)
*
Cuban Stars (East) (1923–1928)
*
Hilldale of Darby, Pennsylvania (1923–1927)
*
New York Lincoln Giants (1923–1928)
*
Harrisburg Giants
The Harrisburg Giants were a U.S. professional Negro league baseball team based in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
History
Originally formed in April 1890 by Colonel William "C.W." Strothers as an amateur team, they became s ...
(1924–1927)
*
Washington/Wilmington Potomacs (1924–1925)
*
Newark Stars (1926)
*
Philadelphia Tigers (1928)
Member timeline
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bar:ATC # Atlantic City Bacharach Giants
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bar:HAR # Harrisburg Giants
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# Note on dates: A team's bar begins with the season that team played its first game, and ends with the season after that team played its last game. For example, the Harrisburg Giants played their first game in 1924 and played their last game in 1927. Therefore, their bar goes from 1924 to 1928.
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*1923: Formation of ECL consisting of 6 teams — Hilldale, Cuban Stars, Brooklyn Royal Giants, Atlantic City Bacharach Giants, New York Lincoln Giants and Baltimore Black Sox
*1924: Added Harrisburg Giants and Washington/Wilmington Potomacs.
*1926: Dropped Washington/Wilmington Potomacs; Added Newark Stars.
*1927: Dropped Newark Stars.
*1928: Dropped Harrisburg Giants; Added Homestead Grays. The league broke up midway through the season due to the breakdown of the founder (and manager of Hilldale) although the individual teams continued to play.
League champions
Pennant Winners
The team in first place at the end of the season was declared the Pennant winner. Due to the unorthodox nature of the schedule (and little incentive to enforce it), some teams frequently played many more games than others did in any given season. This led to some disputed championships and two teams claiming the title. Generally, the team with the best
winning percentage
In sports, a winning percentage or Copeland score is the fraction of games or matches a team or individual has won. The statistic is commonly used in standings or rankings to compare teams or individuals. It is defined as wins divided by the to ...
(with some minimum number of games played) was awarded the Pennant, but other times it was the team with the most victories. The "
games behind
In some North American sports, the phrase games behind or games back (often abbreviated GB) refers to a common way to reflect the gap between a leading team and another team in a sports league, conference, or division.
Example
In the standings ...
" method of recording standings was uncommon in most black leagues. Four of the five pennant winners went on to play in the
Negro World Series
The Negro World Series was a post-season baseball tournament that was held from 1924 to 1927 and from 1942 to 1948 between the champions of the Negro leagues, matching the mid-western winners against their east-coast counterparts. The series was ...
(all except for the first in 1923).
Colored World Series
For the duration of the league, a Colored World Series took place four times, from 1924 through 1927. The ECL Pennant winner met the champion of the rival
Negro National League. Three out of the four years, the Eastern Colored League team (below in bold) succumbed.
*
1924 –
Kansas City Monarchs beat Hilldale Club, 5 games to 4 games (1 tie)
*
1925
Events January
* January 1 – The Syrian Federation is officially dissolved, the State of Aleppo and the State of Damascus having been replaced by the State of Syria (1925–1930), State of Syria.
* January 3 – Benito Mussolini m ...
– Hilldale Club beat Kansas City Monarchs, 5 games to 1 game
*
1926
In Turkey, the year technically contained only 352 days. As Friday, December 18, 1926 ''(Julian Calendar)'' was followed by Saturday, January 1, 1927 '' (Gregorian Calendar)''. 13 days were dropped to make the switch. Turkey thus became the ...
–
Chicago American Giants
The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team. From 1910 until the mid-1930s, the American Giants were the most dominant team in black baseball. Owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" F ...
beat Atlantic City Bacharach Giants, 5 games to 4 games (2 ties)
*
1927
Events January
* January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
– Chicago American Giants beat Atlantic City Bacharach Giants, 5 games to 3 games (1 tie)
References
Sources
*
{{Authority control
Sports leagues established in 1923
Negro baseball leagues
Defunct baseball leagues in the United States
Sports leagues disestablished in 1928
1923 establishments in the United States
1928 disestablishments in the United States