Earl Larkin Williams
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Earl Larkin Williams (August 22, 1903 – February 7, 1974) was an American
astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galax ...
and
mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...
.


Early life and education

Williams was born August 22, 1903. He received his A.B. in 1924 and his A.M. a year later, both from
Swarthmore College Swarthmore College ( , ) is a Private college, private Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1864, with its first classes held in 1869, Swarthmore is one of the e ...
. He also studied at the
University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. One of nine colonial colleges, it was chartered in 1755 through the efforts of f ...
,
Ohio State University The Ohio State University (Ohio State or OSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio, United States. A member of the University System of Ohio, it was founded in 1870. It is one ...
, and the
University of Michigan The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Mi ...
.


Career

In addition to working at
The George Washington University The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a private federally-chartered research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Originally named Columbian College, it was chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress and is the first ...
, Williams held positions as an Instructor in Mathematics and Astronomy at
Muhlenberg College Muhlenberg College is a private liberal arts college in Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States. Founded in 1848, Muhlenberg College is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and is named for Henry Muhlenberg, the German pat ...
(1925–1926), Instructor of Astronomy at
Ohio State University The Ohio State University (Ohio State or OSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Columbus, Ohio, United States. A member of the University System of Ohio, it was founded in 1870. It is one ...
(1920–1931) and Assistant Professor of Astronomy at
Denison University Denison University is a Private university, private liberal arts college in Granville, Ohio, United States. One of the earliest colleges established in the former Northwest Territory, Denison University was founded in 1831. It was first called ...
for one semester in 1931. Beyond his employment as a professor, Williams also held a position as the Assistant Latitude Observer of
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey ( USC&GS; known as the Survey of the Coast from 1807 to 1836, and as the United States Coast Survey from 1836 until 1878) was the first scientific agency of the Federal government of the United State ...
, operating an observatory at
Gaithersburg Gaithersburg ( ) is a city in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. At the time of the 2020 United States census, Gaithersburg had a population of 69,657, making it the third-largest incorporated city and the ninth-most populous communit ...
,
Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...
, from 1932 to 1941. He was a member of the
American Astronomical Society The American Astronomical Society (AAS, sometimes spoken as "double-A-S") is an American society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals, headquartered in Washington, DC. The primary objective of the AAS is to promote the adv ...
, the
International Astronomical Union The International Astronomical Union (IAU; , UAI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and developmen ...
, the
American Geophysical Union The American Geophysical Union (AGU) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization of Earth, Atmospheric science, atmospheric, Oceanography, ocean, Hydrology, hydrologic, Astronomy, space, and Planetary science, planetary scientists and enthusiasts that ...
,
Gamma Alpha The Gamma Alpha Graduate Scientific Society () is an American fraternal organization for interdisciplinary graduate students. Its chapters are headquartered in chapter houses, akin to residential cooperatives, though there have been many chapters ...
,
Sigma Xi Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society () is an international non-profit honor society for scientists and engineers. Sigma Xi was founded at Cornell University by a faculty member and graduate students in 1886 and is one of the oldest ...
(associate), and Pi Delta Epsilon. He wrote a few newspaper articles in 1941 on total
solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs approximately every six months, during the eclipse season i ...
expeditions. He also wrote in 1935 "On the Instrumental Adjustment of a
Zenith Telescope A zenith telescope is a type of telescope that is designed to point straight up at or near the zenith. They are used for precision measurement of star positions, to simplify telescope construction, or both. A classic zenith telescope, also known ...
" in the '' Transactions of the International Astronomical Union'', in which he proposed a new method of offsetting the effect of
flexure A flexure is a flexible element (or combination of elements) engineered to be compliant in specific degrees of freedom (mechanics), degrees of freedom. Flexures are a design feature used by design engineers (usually mechanical engineers) for prov ...
by making the middle thread of a
telescope A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), absorption, or Reflection (physics), reflection of electromagnetic radiation. Originally, it was an optical instrument using len ...
follow the
meridian Meridian or a meridian line (from Latin ''meridies'' via Old French ''meridiane'', meaning “midday”) may refer to Science * Meridian (astronomy), imaginary circle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the celestial equator and horizon * ...
precisely at all
zenith The zenith (, ) is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction (Vertical and horizontal, plumb line) opposite to the gravity direction at that location (nadir). The z ...
distances. Williams was appointed as an Associate of Mathematics at The George Washington University in 1941. In 1945, he became a Lecturer in Mathematics until 1948. He again became an Associate of Mathematics from 1948 through 1949. He then was a Lecturer in Mathematics from 1949 until his resignation from the university on January 31, 1955.


Death and afterward

According to the obituary in ''
The Washington Post ''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington m ...
'', Williams died on February 7, 1974, and his buried was handled by the Gartner Sandison Funeral Home in Maryland. Because The George Washington University employed him for only 14 years and only as a Lecturer and Associate in Mathematics, there is limited knowledge about his accomplishments. He is mentioned in the 1946 Cherry Tree Yearbook as a member of the
mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
faculty at the university and he is mentioned in the 1946 George Washington University Bulletin. The only information on Williams’ achievements at The George Washington University is found in his personal records in the archives section of its library.


Marriage and children

Williams married Helen Ball Shawaker on June 9, 1931, in
Columbus Columbus is a Latinized version of the Italian surname "''Colombo''". It most commonly refers to: * Christopher Columbus (1451–1506), the Italian explorer * Columbus, Ohio, the capital city of the U.S. state of Ohio * Columbus, Georgia, a city i ...
,
Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...
, where she had been born on May 12, 1905, the daughter of Frank Albert Schauweker. The couple had four children: Judith Jane, Keith, Linda A., and Greg. Helen died on March 29, 1972, in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Earl, Helen, and Greg were
cremated Cremation is a method of Disposal of human corpses, final disposition of a corpse through Combustion, burning. Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite and as an alternative to burial. In some countries, including India, Nepal, and ...
and their cremains are with Linda in
Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...
.


References

*Obituary. The Washington Post (Feb. 8, 1974). Proquest.Web. December 7, 2010. *RG0004, Vice President for Academic Affairs records, Series 20, Box-13, Folder 36. Special Collections Research Center. George Washington University. *The George Washington University Bulletin, Vol. XLIV, No. 4. The Catalogue Issue. Published in June. *William, Earl Larkin. Transactions of the International Astronomical Union. Volume 5,1935.


External links


George Washington University Gelman Library Special Collections Research Center
{{DEFAULTSORT:Williams, Earl Larkin 1903 births 1974 deaths George Washington University faculty Swarthmore College alumni Ohio State University faculty