Operation Althea, formally the European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUFOR), is a military deployment in
Bosnia and Herzegovina to oversee the military implementation of the
Dayton Agreement. It is the successor to
NATO's
SFOR and
IFOR. The transition from SFOR to
EUFOR was largely a change of name and commanders: 80% of the troops remained in place.
It replaced SFOR on 2 December 2004.
General aspects
Civilian implementation of the Dayton Agreement is enforced by the
Office of the High Representative. In 2007, EUFOR had 600 troops from 21 countries, mostly from the member states of the
European Union (EU). There are, however, additional troops from other non-EU member states such as
Chile and
Turkey.
EUFOR's commander is
Major General Anton Wessely of
Austria (all of EUFOR's commanders since 2009 have been Austrians). For this mission, the
European Union Military Staff is using NATO's
Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) as the EU's Operational Headquarters (OHQ) and is working through the Deputy to the
Supreme Allied Commander
Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances. It originated as a term used by the Allies during World War I, and is currently used only within NATO for Supreme Allied Comm ...
Europe, a European officer.
EUFOR assumed all the missions of SFOR, except for the hunt for individuals indicted by the war crimes tribunal, notably
Radovan Karadžić, former leader of
Republika Srpska, and
Ratko Mladić, their former military leader, which remained a mission for NATO
through NATO Headquarters Sarajevo. EUFOR does have police duties against organised crime, which is believed to be linked to suspected war criminals. It worked with the
European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina (EUPM) and with the
Bosnian Police. The
European Union Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina provides political guidance on military issues with a local political dimension to the EUFOR.
, the total force of
EUFOR is at 600 troops from 19 countries, including EU member states and non-EU "Troop Contributing Countries" (TCC) are present within EUFOR (Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Chile, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and Turkey).
On 18th December 2020, the United Kingdom marked the end of its 16 year contribution to EUFOR, following Brexit.
As of early 2021, EUFOR personnel bases include:
* Multinational Battalion is EUFOR's military maneuver unit for BiH, located at Camp Butmir, Sarajevo and comprises troops from Austria, Hungary and Turkey;
* 17 LOT Houses located throughout BiH to connect EUFOR to local communities and authorities. From north to south, west to east – Cazin, Banja Luka (Romania) and Banja Luka (Chile), Brcko, Doboj, Tuzla, Zavidovici, Travnik, Bratunac, Zenica, Sarajevo (headquarters), Livno, Jablanica, Visegrad, Foca, Mostar, and Trebinje.
[Accessed 29 April 2021 http://www.euforbih.org/index.php/eufor-elements/eufor-houses]
Commanders
See also
*
Military of the European Union
*
European Union rapid reaction mechanism
*
Common Security and Defence Policy
The Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) is the European Union's (EU) course of action in the fields of defence and crisis management, and a main component of the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP).
The CSDP involves the deplo ...
*
European Union Military Operation in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
References
Further reading
Le Monde (in French)*http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/csdp/missions-and-operations/althea-bih/pdf/factsheet_eufor_althea_en.pdf
* Dominik Tolksdor
The Difficulties of the European Union in Supporting the Europeanization of Bosnia and HerzegovinaEU Frontier Policy Paper, Budapest: Center for EU Enlargement Studies – Central European University, 2011
External links
Official EUFOR websiteThe Council of the European Union's page on EUFOR-Althea
The European Union Special Representative (EUSR) for Bosnia and Herzegovinathe European Commission's Delegation to Bosnia & Herzegovina
{{DEFAULTSORT:Althea
International law enforcement organizations
Law enforcement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Althea
Bosnia and Herzegovina–European Union relations