Dytiscus Avunculus

''Dytiscus'' ("little diver" based on Greek ''δυτικός'', "able to dive" and the diminutive suffix ''-ίσκος'') is a Holarctic genus of predaceous diving beetles that usually live in wetlands and ponds. There are 26 species in this genus distributed in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North and Central America. They are predators that can reduce mosquito larvae.

''Dytiscus'' are large water beetles with a robust, rounded shape and they measure long depending on the exact species involved. The largest, '' D. latissimus'', is among the largest species in the family and its size is only matched by certain '' Megadytes''. The tarsi of the males are modified into suckers which are used to grip the female in mating. Females are usually larger than the males and come in two forms, with grooved (sulcate) or smooth elytra. Males only ever have smooth elytra. The adults of most species can fly.

Life history

Adult beetles and their larvae are aquatic but the pupae spend their life in the ground. Females lay eggs inside the tissue of aquatic plants such as reeds. The eggs hatch in about three weeks.

The larvae (known as "water tigers") are elongate with a round and flat head and strong mandibles. They are predatory and their mandible have grooves on their inner edge through which they are able to suck the body fluids of their prey. The larvae take air from the surface of the water using hairs at the end of their abdomen. These lead to spiracles into which the air is taken.

Once the larvae grow to some size, they move to soil at the edge of water and burrow into a cell and pupate.

The adults breathe by going to the surface and upending. They collect air under their elytra and are able to breathe this collected air using spiracles hidden under the elytra.

In '' Dytiscus marginalis'' and other species the tarsus of the forelegs is modified in males to form a circular sucker. A reduced sucker is also seen in the midleg of the male.

Parasitoids

Eggs of ''Dytiscus'' are sometimes parasitized by wasps of the families Eulophidae, Mymaridae and other Chalcidoidea.

Species

''Dysticus'' contains the following species:Dytiscidae Species List
at Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 7 May 2012.

* '' Dytiscus alaskanus'' J.Balfour-Browne, 1944
* '' Dytiscus avunculus'' C.Heyden, 1862
* '' Dytiscus caraboides'' Linnaeus, 1758
* '' Dytiscus carolinus'' Aubé, 1838
* '' Dytiscus circumcinctus'' (Ahrens, 1811)
* ''Dytiscus circumflexus'' Fabricius, 1801
* '' Dytiscus cordieri'' Aubé, 1838
* '' Dytiscus dauricus'' Gebler, 1832
* ''Dytiscus delictus'' (Zaitzev, 1906)
* ''Dytiscus dimidiatus'' Bergsträsser, 1778
* ''Dytiscus distantus'' Feng, 1936
* '' Dytiscus fasciventris'' Say, 1824
* '' Dytiscus habilis'' Say, 1830
* '' Dytiscus harrisii'' Kirby, 1837
* '' Dytiscus hatchi'' Wallis, 1950
* '' Dytiscus hybridus'' Aubé, 1838
* '' Dytiscus krausei'' H.J.Kolbe, 1931
* '' Dytiscus lapponicus'' Gyllenhal, 1808
* '' Dytiscus latahensis'' Wickham, 1931
* '' Dytiscus latissimus'' Linnaeus, 1758
* '' Dytiscus latro'' Sharp, 1882
* '' Dytiscus lavateri'' Heer, 1847
* '' Dytiscus marginalis'' Linnaeus, 1758
* '' Dytiscus marginicollis'' LeConte, 1845
* '' Dytiscus miocenicus'' Lewis & Gundersen, 1987
* '' Dytiscus mutinensis'' Branden, 1885
* '' Dytiscus persicus'' Wehncke, 1876
* '' Dytiscus pisanus'' Laporte, 1835
* '' Dytiscus semisulcatus'' (O.F.Müller, 1776)
* '' Dytiscus sharpi'' Wehncke, 1875
* '' Dytiscus sinensis'' Feng, 1935
* '' Dytiscus thianschanicus'' (Gschwendtner, 1923)
* '' Dytiscus verticalis'' Say, 1823
* '' Dytiscus zersii'' Sordelli, 1882

Image:DytiscusEgg.jpg, Eggs and egglaying
Image:DytiscusLarva.jpg, Larva
Image:DytiscusPupa.png, Pupa
Image:DytiscusSpiracles.png, Spiracles under the elytra
Image:DytiscusMale.png, Male with suckers on fore tarsi
Image:DytiscusLifeLyd.png, Life history

References

External links

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{{Taxonbar, from=Q1138850

Dytiscidae genera