''Dysdercus'' is a widespread
genus
Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of
true bugs
Hemiptera (; ) is an order (biology), order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising more than 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, Cimex, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They ...
in the family
Pyrrhocoridae
Pyrrhocoridae is a family of insects with more than 300 species world-wide. Many are red coloured and are known as red bugs and some species are called cotton stainers because their feeding activities leave an indelible yellow-brownish stain on c ...
; a number of species attacking
cotton
Cotton (), first recorded in ancient India, is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus '' Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure ...
bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family
Lygaeidae
The Lygaeidae are a family in the Hemiptera (true bugs), with more than 110 genera in four subfamilies. The family is commonly referred to as seed bugs, and less commonly, milkweed bugs, or ground bugs. Many species feed on seeds, some on sap or ...
, but can be distinguished by the lack of
ocelli
A simple eye or ocellus (sometimes called a pigment pit) is a form of eye or an optical arrangement which has a single lens without the sort of elaborate retina that occurs in most vertebrates. These eyes are called "simple" to distinguish the ...
on the head. They can be readily distinguished from most other genera of Pyrrhocoridae by the strong white markings at the junction of the head and thorax, and along the sides of the thorax, and often abdomen.
Ecology
Some members of the genus attack cotton bolls and are known as "cotton stainers."
There are several species of
tachinid flies that are
parasitoids
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...
of ''Dysdercus'' nymphs and have been used as
biocontrol
Biological control or biocontrol is a method of pest control, controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or phytopathology, plants by bioeffector, using other organisms. It relies o ...
agents.
Species
; subgenus ''Dysdercus'' Guérin-Méneville, 1831
* ''
Dysdercus albofasciatus''
Berg, 1878
* ''
Dysdercus albomaculatus''
Doesburg, 1968
* ''
Dysdercus andreae''
(Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''
Dysdercus basialbus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Schmidt, 1932
* ''
Dysdercus bimaculatus''
(Stål, 1854)
* ''
Dysdercus bloetei''
Doesburg, 1968
* ''
Dysdercus capitatus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Distant, 1883
* ''
Dysdercus cardinalis
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Gerstäcker, 1873
* ''
Dysdercus chaquensis
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Freiberg, 1948
* ''
Dysdercus chiriquinus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Distant, 1883
* ''
Dysdercus concinnus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Stål, 1861
* ''
Dysdercus cordillerensis
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Doesburg, 1968
* ''
Dysdercus discolor
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Walker, 1872
* ''
Dysdercus fasciatus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Signoret, 1861 - cotton stainer (Africa)
* ''
Dysdercus fernaldi
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Ballou, 1906
* ''
Dysdercus fervidus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Bergroth, 1914
* ''
Dysdercus flavidus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Signoret, 1861
* ''
Dysdercus flavolimbatus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of Hemiptera, true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can b ...
''
Stål, 1861
* ''
Dysdercus fulvoniger
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
(De Geer, 1773)
* ''
Dysdercus goyanus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Doesburg, 1968
* ''
Dysdercus honestus''
Blöte, 1931
* ''
Dysdercus imitator''
Blöte, 1931
* ''
Dysdercus immarginatus''
Blöte, 1931
* ''
Dysdercus jamaicensis
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Walker, 1872
* ''
Dysdercus longirostris''
Stål, 1861
* ''
Dysdercus lunulatus''
Uhler, 1861
* ''
Dysdercus luteus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Doesburg, 1968
* ''
Dysdercus maurus''
Distant, 1901
* ''
Dysdercus melanoderes''
Karsch, 1892
* ''
Dysdercus mimuloides''
Blöte, 1933
* ''
Dysdercus mimulus''
Hussey, 1929
* ''
Dysdercus mimus''
(Say, 1832)
* ''
Dysdercus neglectus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of Hemiptera, true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can b ...
''
Doesburg, 1968
* ''
Dysdercus nigrofasciatus''
Stål, 1855
* ''
Dysdercus obliquus''
(Herrich-Schaeffer, 1843)
* ''
Dysdercus obscuratus''
Distant, 1883
* ''
Dysdercus ocreatus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
(Say, 1832)
* ''
Dysdercus ortus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Distant, 1909
* ''
Dysdercus peruvianus''
Guérin-Méneville, 1831 - type species
* ''
Dysdercus ruficeps''
(Perty, 1833)
* ''
Dysdercus ruficollis''
(Linnaeus, 1764)
* ''
Dysdercus rusticus''
Stål, 1870
* ''
Dysdercus sanguinarius''
Stål, 1870
* ''
Dysdercus superstitiosus''
(Fabricius, 1775)
* ''
Dysdercus suturellus''
(Herrich-Schäffer, 1842) - cotton stainer (USA)
* ''
Dysdercus urbahni''
Schmidt, 1932
* ''
Dysdercus wilhelminae''
Doesburg, 1968
; subgenus ''Leptophthalmus'' Stål, 1870
(= ''Megadysdercus'' Breddin, 1900)
* ''
Dysdercus argillaceus''
Breddin, 1895
* ''
Dysdercus decussatus''
Boisduval, 1835
* ''
Dysdercus fuscomaculatus''
Stål, 1863
* ''
Dysdercus philippinus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Herrich-Schaeffer 1850
; subgenus ''Neodysdercus'' Stehlík, 1965
* ''
Dysdercus haemorrhoidalis''
Signoret, 1858
* ''
Dysdercus intermedius''
Distant, 1902 - cotton stainer (Africa)
* ''
Dysdercus orientalis''
Schouteden, 1910
* ''
Dysdercus pretiosus''
Distant, 1902
; subgenus ''Paradysdercus'' Stehlík, 1965
* ''
Dysdercus cingulatus
''Dysdercus cingulatus'' is a species of Hemiptera, true bug in the family Pyrrhocoridae, commonly known as the red cotton stainer. It is a serious Pest (organism), pest of cotton crops, the adults and older nymphs feeding on the emerging bolls a ...
''
(Fabricius, 1775) - red cotton stainer
* ''
Dysdercus evanescens''
Distant, 1902
* ''
Dysdercus festivus''
Gerstäcker, 1892
* ''
Dysdercus koenigii
''Dysdercus koenigii'' is a species of true bug in the family Pyrrhocoridae, commonly known as the red cotton stainer. It is a serious pest of cotton crops, the adults and older nymphs feeding on the emerging bolls and the cotton seeds as they ...
''
(Fabricius, 1775) - red cotton stainer (Indian subcontinent)
* ''
Dysdercus longiceps''
Breddin, 1901
* ''
Dysdercus micropygus
''Dysdercus'' is a widespread genus of true bugs in the family Pyrrhocoridae; a number of species attacking cotton bolls may be called "cotton stainers."
Description
Species may be confused with bugs in the family Lygaeidae, but can be distingui ...
''
Breddin, 1909
* ''
Dysdercus poecilus''
(Harrich-Schaeffer)
* ''
Dysdercus sidae''
Montrouzier, 1861
; ''
incertae sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''
* ''
Dysdercus bidentatus''
Hussey, 1927
* ''
Dysdercus cinctus''
Scudder, 1890
* ''
Dysdercus collaris''
Blöte, 1931
* ''
Dysdercus impictiventris''
Stål, 1870
* ''
Dysdercus insularis''
Stål, 1870
* ''
Dysdercus scassellati''
Del Guercio, 1918
* ''
Dysdercus stehliki''
Schaefer, 2013
* ''
Dysdercus unicolor''
Scudder, 1890
References
External links
*
*
North American ''Dysdercus'' species
{{Authority control
Pyrrhocoridae
Pentatomomorpha genera