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A dynode is an
Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers
Vol. 10, No. 5 (Oct. 1922), pages 320-343
A dynode is an electrode
An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a semiconductor, an electrolyte, a vacuum or air). Electrodes are essential parts of batteries that can consist of a variety of materials ...
in a vacuum tube
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric voltage, potential difference has been applied.
The type kn ...
that serves as an electron multiplier
An electron multiplier is a vacuum-tube structure that multiplies incident charges. In a process called secondary emission, a single electron can, when bombarded on secondary-emissive material, induce emission of roughly 1 to 3 electrons. If an ele ...
through secondary emission
In particle physics, secondary emission is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy, when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles. The term often refers to the emi ...
. The first tube to incorporate a dynode was the dynatron, an ancestor of the magnetron
The cavity magnetron is a high-power vacuum tube used in early radar systems and currently in microwave ovens and linear particle accelerators. It generates microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field whil ...
, which used a single dynode.Albert W. Hull, E. F. Hennelly and F. R. Elder, The Dynatron Detector -- a new heterodyne receiver for continuous and modulated wavesProceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers
Vol. 10, No. 5 (Oct. 1922), pages 320-343
Photomultiplier A photomultiplier is a device that converts incident photons into an electrical signal.
Kinds of photomultiplier include:
* Photomultiplier tube, a vacuum tube converting incident photons into an electric signal. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs for s ...
and video camera tube
Video camera tubes were devices based on the cathode ray tube that were used in television cameras to capture television images, prior to the introduction of charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors in the 1980s. Several different types of tube ...
s generally include a series of dynodes, each at a more positive