Dwight Filley Davis Sr. (July 5, 1879 – November 28, 1945) was an American

tennis Tennis is a List of racket sports, racket sport that is played either individually against a single opponent (singles (tennis), singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles (tennis), doubles). Each player uses a tennis racket st ...

player and

politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...

. He is best remembered as the founder of the Davis Cup international tennis competition. He was the Assistant Secretary of War from 1923 to 1925 and Secretary of War from 1925 to 1929.

Early life

Dwight Filley Davis was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 5, 1879. His grandfather, Oliver Dwight Filley, was mayor of St. Louis from 1858 to 1861. A cousin, Chauncey Ives Filley, served as mayor of St. Louis from 1863 to 1864.

Tennis

He reached the All-Comers final for the Men's Singles title at the US Championships in 1898 and 1899. He then teamed up with Holcombe Ward and won the Men's Doubles title at the championships for three years in a row from 1899 to 1901. Davis and Ward were also Men's Doubles runners-up at Wimbledon in 1901. Davis also won the American intercollegiate singles championship of 1899 as a student at

Harvard College Harvard College is the undergraduate education, undergraduate college of Harvard University, a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Part of the Harvard Faculty of Arts and Scienc ...

Davis Cup

In 1900 Davis developed the structure for, and donated a silver bowl to go to the winner of, a new international tennis competition designed by him and three others known as the International Lawn Tennis Challenge, which was later renamed the Davis Cup in his honor. He was a member of the US team that won the first two competitions in 1900 and 1902, and was also the captain of the 1900 team. He participated in the

1904 Summer Olympics The 1904 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the III Olympiad and also known as St. Louis 1904) were an international multi-sport event held in St. Louis, Missouri, United States, from 1 July to 23 November 1904. Many events were conducted ...

. He was eliminated in the second round of the singles tournament. In the doubles tournament he and his partner Ralph McKittrick lost in the quarter-finals. He was inducted into the National Tennis Hall of Fame (now known as the

International Tennis Hall of Fame The International Tennis Hall of Fame is located in Newport, Rhode Island, United States. It honors both players and other contributors to the sport of tennis. The complex, the former Newport Casino, includes a museum, 13 grass tennis courts, an ...

) in 1956 in recognition of his contributions to the sport both as a player and an administrator.

Political service

After Harvard Davis attended Washington University School of Law, though he was never a practicing attorney. He was, however, politically active in his home town of St. Louis and served as the city's public parks commissioner from 1911 to 1915. During his tenure, he expanded athletic facilities and created the first municipal tennis courts in the United States. He sought the Republican nomination in the 1920 Missouri Senate election, receiving 38.2% in the primary. He served under President Calvin Coolidge as Assistant Secretary of War (1923–1925) and as Secretary of War (1925–1929). He then served as Governor General of the Philippines (1929–1932) under

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. A wealthy mining engineer before his presidency, Hoover led the wartime Commission for Relief in Belgium and ...

Army service

Davis trained at the Preparedness Movement Citizens' Military Training Camp in 1915. From 1916 to 1917 he toured Europe as part of the Rockefeller War Relief Board. With war declared Davis enlisted as a private in the Missouri National Guard and was commissioned in August 1917.Sobel, Robert ''Biographical Directory of the United States Executive Branch, 1774–1989'' Greenwood Publishing Group, 1990, p. 94 Going to France, Davis was promoted to Major and became

adjutant Adjutant is a military appointment given to an Officer (armed forces), officer who assists the commanding officer with unit administration, mostly the management of “human resources” in an army unit. The term is used in French-speaking armed ...

of the 69th Infantry Brigade of the 35th Infantry Division. During this period he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. After the war, he was a colonel in the Officer Reserve Corps. In 1942 Davis was the first and only Director General of the short lived Army Specialist Corps. On the disbandment of the unit became an advisor with the rank of Major General.

Personal life

Davis’ first wife, Helen Brooks, whom he married in 1905, died in 1932. He married Pauline Sabin in 1936. His daughter Alice Brooks Davis was married to the British Ambassador to the United States Sir Roger Makins. Another daughter, Cynthia Davis, was married to banker William McChesney Martin Jr., the longest-serving Federal Reserve director (1951–1970) who served under five presidents (Truman to Nixon). He wintered in Florida from 1933 until his death, living at Meridian Plantation, near Tallahassee.

Death

Davis died at his home in Washington, D.C., on November 28, 1945, after a six-month illness. He was buried at

Arlington National Cemetery Arlington National Cemetery is the largest cemetery in the United States National Cemetery System, one of two maintained by the United States Army. More than 400,000 people are buried in its 639 acres (259 ha) in Arlington County, Virginia. ...

Distinguished Service Cross citation

War Department, General Orders No. 9 (1923) CITATION: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (General Staff Corps) Dwight Filley Davis, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with Adjutant, 69th Infantry Brigade, 35th Division, A.E.F., between Baulny and Chaudron Farm, France, September 29 - 30, 1918. After exposure to severe shelling and machine-gun fire for three days, during which time he displayed rare courage and devotion to duty, Major Davis, then Adjutant, 69th Infantry Brigade, voluntarily and in the face of intense enemy machine-gun and artillery fire proceeded to various points in his brigade sector, assisted in reorganizing positions, and in replacing units of the brigade, this self-imposed duty necessitating continued exposure to concentrated enemy fire. September 38, 1918, learning that a strong counterattack had been launched by the enemy against Baulny ridge and was progressing successfully, he voluntarily organized such special duty men as could be found and with them rushed forward to reinforce the line under attack, exposing himself with such coolness and great courage that his conduct inspired the troops in this crisis and enabled them to hold on in the face of vastly superior numbers.

Legacy

Davis was honored with a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.

References

External links

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Generals of World War II
{{DEFAULTSORT:Davis, Dwight F. 1879 births 1945 deaths Military personnel from St. Louis 19th-century American sportsmen 19th-century male tennis players 20th-century United States government officials American athlete-politicians American male tennis players Burials at Arlington National Cemetery Coolidge administration cabinet members Dwight Founders of sporting institutions Governors-general of the Philippine Islands Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles Harvard Crimson men's tennis players Harvard College alumni History of tennis International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Missouri National Guard personnel Missouri Republicans Olympic tennis players for the United States Organization founders Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States) Tennis players from St. Louis Tennis players at the 1904 Summer Olympics United States National champions (tennis) United States Army colonels United States Army reservists United States Assistant Secretaries of War United States secretaries of war Washington, D.C., Republicans Washington University School of Law alumni United States Army personnel of World War I United States Army generals of World War II United States Army generals Washington University in St. Louis alumni 20th-century American sportsmen Mary Institute and St. Louis Country Day School alumni Presidents of the United States Tennis Association Phi Delta Theta members