The Duru languages are a group of
Savanna languages
The Savannas languages, also known as Gur–Adamawa or Adamawa–Gur, is a branch of the Niger–Congo languages that includes Greenberg's Gur and Adamawa–Ubangui families.
History of classification
The Gur–Adamawa link was demonstrated in ...
spoken in northern
Cameroon
Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ...
and eastern
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean to the south. It covers an area of . With Demographics of Nigeria, ...
. They were labeled "G4" in
Joseph Greenberg
Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001) was an American linguist, known mainly for his work concerning linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages.
Life Early life and education
Joseph Greenberg was born on M ...
's
Adamawa language-family proposal.
Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and
Central Gur languages.
Languages
*
Duli (extinct)
*Dii:
Duupa,
Dugun (Panõ),
Dii (Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
*
Peere (Kutin)
*
Longto (Voko)
*Vere–Dowayo
**
Dowayo
**
Sewe
**
Koma
**
Vere
However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.
Classification
In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also
Leko languages).
;Samba-Duru
*
Vere (Verre)
**Jango (Mom Jango)
**Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
**Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
**Nissim-Eilim
**Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
**Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
**Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
**Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
*Gəmme (Gimme) (
Koma)
**Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
**Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
*
Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ): Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
*Duru
**
Dii cluster
**
Dugun (Paape, Sa)
**
Duupa (Paape)
**
Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
**
Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
*
Samba
Samba () is a broad term for many of the rhythms that compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the Afro-Brazilians, Afro Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th century, It is a name or ...
(Samba Leeko, Leko)
**
Samba
Samba () is a broad term for many of the rhythms that compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the Afro-Brazilians, Afro Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th century, It is a name or ...
cluster
**Mubaako (Məbaako, Mumbaako,
Nyong)
**
Kolbila[Littig, Sabine (2017)]
Kolbila: Geography and history
**Pɛrɛma (
Wom)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).
Footnotes
References
*Roger Blench, 2004
List of Adamawa languages(ms)
External links
Samba-Duru(Adamawa Languages Project)
{{Niger-Congo branches
Leko–Nimbari languages
Languages of Nigeria
Languages of Cameroon