The Dunne-Huntington triplane, sometimes referred to as a biplane, was a pioneer aircraft designed by

J. W. Dunne John William Dunne (2 December 1875 – 24 August 1949) was a British soldier, aeronautical engineer and philosopher. As a young man he fought in the Second Boer War, before becoming a pioneering aeroplane designer in the early years of the 20th ...

and built by

A. K. Huntington Professor Alfred Kirby Huntington (1852–1920) was a British professor of metallurgy and aviation pioneer. He flew balloons and made and flew his own aeroplane. Early life Alfred Kirby Huntington was born on 18 January 1852 in Ipswich, Suff ...

. It was of unusual staggered triple-tandem configuration and an early example of an inherently stable aeroplane, flying regularly between 1910 and 1914.

History

While working for the Army at

Farnborough Farnborough may refer to: Australia * Farnborough, Queensland, a locality in the Shire of Livingstone United Kingdom * Farnborough, Hampshire, a town in the Rushmoor district of Hampshire, England ** Farnborough (Main) railway station, a railw ...

in 1907,

agreed to design a stable aeroplane for the civilian enthusiast and metallurgy professor

. Forbidden to use his secret Army design, he based it on a previous idea for a heavily staggered tandem triplane that had been trialled by Hiram Maxim for a fairground attraction. In the winter of 1907–08 he drew up two designs. One was for a small-scale glider to test the idea, which he called the D.2. The other was for the full-sized powered aeroplane. In the event the glider was never built and Huntington began directly on the full-sized craft. He finished building it in 1910.Peter Lewis; ''British Aircraft 1909–1914'', Putnam, 1962, pages 231–232. Huntington flew it at the Royal Aero Club grounds at Eastchurch, progressively modifying it to improve its flight characteristics between 1910 and 1914. By 1913 it had effectively become a joint design by Dunne and Huntington and was flying well."The Dunne-Huntington Machine". ''Flight'', 1 March 1913. p.254.

Description

The main feature of the design was a set of three wings, each of chord, placed immediately fore and aft of each other. The fore-wing was of reduced span and the middle wing raised to give the appearance of a heavily staggered canard biplane. The

angle of incidence Angle of incidence is a measure of deviation of something from "straight on" and may refer to: * Angle of incidence (aerodynamics), angle between a wing chord and the longitudinal axis, as distinct from angle of attack In fluid dynamics, ang ...

of each plane was adjusted to provide longitudinal stability. The outer sections of the rear wing were given a sharp downward angle or anhedral. Triangular outboard control surfaces were hinged on the diagonal to these sections and provided all the functions normally produced by separate elevator, aileron and rudder controls. When operated together they acted as elevators, while when operating differentially they acted as combined ailerons and rudders to bank the aircraft into a controlled turn. The front and rear wings were fixed to a long, uncovered fuselage frame, with the front wing gently tapered. The top wing was strut-braced to the structure below. Side curtains between the two full-span wings were initially fitted.''Flight'' 30 April 1910
page 331
''early photograph shows side curtains in position''. The pilot was seated above the front wing, with the engine immediately behind. Power was initially provided by a single Wolseley water-cooled inline engine chain-driving twin propellers. These were mounted in the space beneath the upper wing and their axles doubled as twin cylindrical booms connecting the fore and aft structures. When first flown at Eastchurch in early 1910, the fuselage was originally mounted on an undercarriage comprising two main wheels, a large tail wheel and twin auxiliary skids under the nose. Later modifications included removal of the side screens, structural lightening including a revised undercarriage and, in 1913, fitting of a more powerful Gnome air-cooled rotary engine with single engine-mounted propeller.Jane's All the World's Aircraft (1913), Page 5b: ''shows side curtains removed''. These enabled the craft to reach .

Specifications (Re-engined)

Notes

{{reflist Triplanes 1910s British experimental aircraft Dunne aircraft Rotary-engined aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1910 Aircraft with counter-rotating propellers