The Beylik of Dulkadir () was one of the

Turkish Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The w ...

Anatolian beyliks Anatolian beyliks (, Ottoman Turkish: ''Tavâif-i mülûk'', ''Beylik''; ) were Turkish principalities (or petty kingdoms) in Anatolia governed by ''beys'', the first of which were founded at the end of the 11th century. A second and more exte ...

(principality) established by the

Oghuz Turk The Oghuz Turks ( Middle Turkic: , ) were a western Turkic people who spoke the Oghuz branch of the Turkic language family. In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia ...

clans Bayat, Afshar, and

Begdili Begdili (also spelled Bekdili or Bigdeli; Middle Turkic: بَكْتِلى Begtili; ; Turkish: Beğdili boyu; Azerbaijani: Bəydili boyu) were an Oghuz Turkic people and a sub-branch of the Bozok tribal federation. Currently, the descendants of ...

after the decline of

Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm The Sultanate of Rum was a culturally Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state, established over conquered Byzantine territories and peoples ( Rum) of Anatolia by the Seljuk Turks following their entry into Anatolia after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 ...

Etymology

The meaning of Dulkadir is unclear. It was later Arabized or reinterpreted according to folk tradition as , which means 'powerful' or 'mighty'. According to 16th-century German historian

Johannes Leunclavius Johannes LeunclaviusOther name variants: Hans Lewenklaw, Löwenklau, Joannes Leunclavius, John Leunclavius (c. 1533/1541 – 1594) was a German historian and orientalist. He was an expert in Turkish history, republishing and annotating Ottoman so ...

, ''Dulkadir'' was a corruption of the Turkic name ''Torghud''.

Franz Babinger Franz Babinger (15 January 1891 – Durrës, 23 June 1967) was a well-known German orientalist and historian of the Ottoman Empire, best known for his biography of the great Ottoman emperor Mehmed II, known as "the Conqueror", originally published ...

considered it very probable, as the name was likely derived from some Turkish name, further suggesting that this would also mean the dynasty of Dulkadir is related to the Turkoman

Turghudlu Turghudlu was a Turkoman tribe in central Anatolia. Modern historian Faruk Sümer disputed claims that the tribe was of Tatar or Kipchak origin, citing the Ottoman historian Neşri and Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, who described the tribe as Turkme ...

tribe. On the other hand,

Annemarie von Gabain Annemarie von Gabain (7 April 1901—15 January 1993) was a German scholar who dealt with Turkic studies, both as a linguist and as an art historian. Early life and education Gabain was born in Morhange on 7 April 1901. Her father, Arthur von G ...

proposed ''tulga-dar'' () as the original Turkic word it sprang from. According to

Turkologist Turkology (or Turcology or Turkic studies) is a complex of humanities sciences studying languages, history, literature, folklore, culture, and ethnology of people speaking Turkic languages and the Turkic peoples in chronological and comparative c ...

Louis Bazin Louis Bazin (20 December 1920 – 2 March 2011) was a French orientalist. Biography Born in Caen, he entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1939. When he graduated in 1943, he became a senior research fellow at the French National Centre for S ...

, the name may be rooted in the term "dolga," which means "to hurt" or "to agonize". Historian Faruk Sümer suggested that Dulkadir could be the Turkmen pronunciation of the Muslim given name

Abdul Qadir Abd al-Qadir or Abdulkadir () is a male Muslim given name. It is formed from the Arabic words '' Abd'', ''al-'' and '' Qadir''. The name means 'servant of who can do everything'. ''Al-Qādir'' is one of the names of Allah in the Qur'an, which ...

, parallel to how the

Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids (), and known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (). The Ilkhanid realm was officially known ...

ruler

Abu Sa'id Abu or ABU may refer to: Aviation * Airman Battle Uniform, a utility uniform of the United States Air Force * IATA airport code for A. A. Bere Tallo Airport in Atambua, Province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia People * Abu (Arabic term), a kun ...

() was known as "Busad" by his Turkmen subjects. Another historian, Refet Yinanç, supported Sümer's view. Medieval

Armenian Armenian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia * Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent ** Armenian diaspora, Armenian communities around the ...

authors referred to the Dulkadirids as , , , , or . While

Persian Persian may refer to: * People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language ** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples ** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...

sources spelled Dulkadir as Zulkadir,

Arabic Arabic (, , or , ) is a Central Semitic languages, Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) assigns lang ...

sources spelled it as Dulgadir or Tulgadir. Ottoman sources used a combination of Zulkadir and Dulkadir.

History

The principality was founded by

Zayn al-Din Qaraja Zayn al-Din Qaraja Beg (; 1279 – 11 December 1353) was a Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman chieftain who founded the Dulkadirid principality in southern Anatolia and northern Syria (region), Syria, ruling from 1337 to 1353. Before his ascendance ...

, a Turkoman chieftain, likely from the Bayat tribe, who established himself in the region of Elbistan in 1335, taking the town in 1337 and obtaining the title of

na'ib Nawab is a royal title indicating a ruler, often of a South Asian state, in many ways comparable to the Western title of Prince. The relationship of a Nawab to the Emperor of India has been compared to that of the Kings of Saxony to the Ge ...

from the

Mamluk Sultan The following is a list of Mamluk sultans. The Mamluk Sultanate was founded in 1250 by ''mamluks'' of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and it succeeded the Ayyubid state. It was based in Cairo and for much of its history, the territory of the ...

Al-Nasir Muhammad Al-Malik an-Nasir Nasir ad-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun (), commonly known as an-Nasir Muhammad (), or by his kunya: Abu al-Ma'ali () or as Ibn Qalawun (1285–1341) was the ninth Mamluk sultan of the Bahri dynasty who ruled Egypt between 129 ...

. In 1515, after the Battle of Turnadağ, the principality was conquered by the

Ottoman Sultan The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to Dissolution of the Ottoman Em ...

Selim I Selim I (; ; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (), was the List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite lasting only eight years, his reign is ...

's vizier

Hadım Sinan Pasha Hadım Sinan Pasha (, a, ; ; died 22 January 1517) was a Bosnian- Ottoman nobleman, politician and statesman. He served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1516 to 1517. He was a eunuch. Life Early life Sinan Pasha was of Bosnian d ...

and converted into a

sanjak A sanjak or sancak (, , "flag, banner") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans also sometimes called the sanjak a liva (, ) from the name's calque in Arabic and Persian. Banners were a common organization of nomad ...

List of rulers

Genealogy of House of Dulqadir

References

Bibliography

* * * * * * * * * {{History of Turkey topics Anatolian beyliks Dulkadirids Former countries in West Asia History of Kahramanmaraş History of Adıyaman Province Vassal states of the Ottoman Empire