''Dufourea'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of mostly

foliose lichen A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like , which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lower surfaces, each o ...

species in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family

Teloschistaceae The Teloschistaceae are a large family (biology), family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class (taxonomy), class Lecanoromycetes in the division (botany), division Ascomycota. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, althoug ...

. Species in the genus are found in the Southern Hemisphere.

Taxonomy

The genus was originally

circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...

by Swedish lichenologist

Erik Acharius Erik Acharius (10 October 1757 – 14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of lichens and is known as the "father of lichenology". Acharius was famously the last pupil of Carl Linnaeus. Life Ac ...

in Johann Albert Luyken's 1809 publication ''Tentamen historiae lichenum'', although he did not assign any species to the genus. The following year, Acharius included ''Dufourea'' in his influential work ''Lichenographia Universalis'' and included six species. Luyken had studied under Acharius in Sweden and had access to Acharius's work before it was published; because his text about the genus is a partial transcription of Acharius's work (and he acknowledged Acharius), Acharius is credited as the author of the name as well as the description. All six species that Acharius included in ''Dufourea'' are now classified in different genera. A

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

for the genus, ''

Dufourea flammea ''Dufourea'' is a genus of Halictidae, sweat bees in the family Halictidae. There are at least 160 described species in ''Dufourea''.Sharkey M.J. (2007). ''Phylogeny and Classification of Hymenoptera''."Phylogenetic relationships among superfa ...

'', was selected by

Giuseppe De Notaris Giuseppe De Notaris (18 April 1805 – 22 January 1877) was an Italian botanist generally known for his work with cryptogams native to Italy. Biography Born 18 April 1805, in Milan, he studied medicine at the University of Pavia, obtaining his ...

in 1846. The genus was resurrected for use in 2013 following a large-scale

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

analysis of the family Teloschistaceae. ''Dufourea'' species are grouped in a

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

with a

sister taxon In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...

relationship to genus '' Xanthoria''. The generic name ''Dufourea'' honours French medical doctor and naturalist Léon Jean Marie (or Jean-Marie Léon) Dufour (1780–1865).

Description

''Dufourea'' lichens occur in the Southern Hemisphere, with several species from South Africa and Australia. Most species are

foliose A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like , which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common lichen growth forms, growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lo ...

(bushy) and relatively large, and lack true

rhizine In lichens, rhizines are multicellular root-like structures arising mainly from the lower surface. A lichen with rhizines is termed rhizinate, while a lichen lacking rhizines is termed erhizinate. Rhizines serve only to anchor the lichen to their s ...

s, although some species have short rhizine-like structures.

Species

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

accepts 22 species of ''Dufourea''. *''

Dufourea africana ''Dufourea africana'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in Kenya and Uganda. Taxonomy The lichen was first described by the Swedish lichenologist Ove Almborn in 1963, who cla ...

'' *'' Dufourea alexanderbaai'' *'' Dufourea angustata'' *'' Dufourea australis'' *'' Dufourea bonae-spei'' *'' Dufourea capensis'' *'' Dufourea dissectula'' *'' Dufourea doidgeae'' *'' Dufourea elixii'' *'' Dufourea filsonii'' *''

'' *'' Dufourea incavata'' *'' Dufourea inflata'' *'' Dufourea karrooensis'' *'' Dufourea ligulata'' *'' Dufourea marlothii'' *'' Dufourea ottolangei'' *'' Dufourea physcioides'' *'' Dufourea sipmanii'' *'' Dufourea streimannii'' *'' Dufourea turbinata'' *'' Dufourea volkmarwirthii''

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q27438927 Teloschistales Lichen genera Teloschistales genera Taxa described in 1809 Taxa named by Erik Acharius