The title of Duke of Gramont (''duc de Gramont'') is a French
dukedom
Dukedom may refer to:
* The title and office of a duke
* Duchy, a realm ruled by a duke or duchess
* Dukedom, Kentucky and Tennessee, United States
* ''Dukedom'' (game), a land management game
See also
* Lists of dukedoms
Lists of dukedoms incl ...
and former
peerage
A peerage is a legal system historically comprising various hereditary titles (and sometimes Life peer, non-hereditary titles) in a number of countries, and composed of assorted Imperial, royal and noble ranks, noble ranks.
Peerages include:
A ...
. It was created in 1648 for French Marshal
Antoine III de Gramont
Antoine de Gramont, 2nd Duke of Gramont, ''comte de Guiche,'' ''comte de Gramont,'' ''comte de Louvigny,'' ''Souverain de Bidache'' (''Antoine Agénor''; 1604 – 12 July 1678) was a French military commander and diplomat. He served as Mars ...
.
History
The family of Gramont was a
Navarrese
Navarre ( ; ; ), officially the Chartered Community of Navarre, is a landlocked foral autonomous community and province in northern Spain, bordering the Basque Autonomous Community, La Rioja, and Aragon in Spain and New Aquitaine in France. T ...
medieval noble house and owned the chateau of Bidache. They held land in
Lower Navarre
Lower Navarre (; Gascon/Bearnese: ''Navarra Baisha''; ; ) is a traditional region of the present-day French '' département'' of Pyrénées-Atlantiques. It corresponds to the northernmost ''region'' of the Kingdom of Navarre during the Middle A ...
and in neighbouring
Gascony
Gascony (; ) was a province of the southwestern Kingdom of France that succeeded the Duchy of Gascony (602–1453). From the 17th century until the French Revolution (1789–1799), it was part of the combined Province of Guyenne and Gascon ...
, part of the kingdom of France. As their liege lords, the kings of Navarre, they played an active role in French politics. The last heiress of the house, Claire de Gramont (died in 1534) wed Menaut d'Aure and their son Antoine took the name Gramont rather than d'Aure.
Antoine de Gramont was a leading noblemen in south-west France during the
Wars of Religion
A religious war or a war of religion, sometimes also known as a holy war (), is a war and conflict which is primarily caused or justified by differences in religion and beliefs. In the modern period, there are frequent debates over the extent ...
. At first, a Calvinist and lieutenant general to
Queen Jeanne d'Albret, he switched sides to Catholicism and King Charles IX's service. He was created Count of
Guiche in 1563. Antoine de Gramont was also the first Gramont to claim sovereignty over the
Principality of Bidache
The Principality of Bidache was from 1570 to 1793 a small feudal state in the south west of modern-day France. The sovereignty of Bidache was proclaimed by Count Antoine de Gramont in 1570. The counts of Gramont had formerly been vassals of the ...
. His grandson, also named Antoine de Gramont, viceroy of Navarra, was created Duke of Gramont in 1643.
Another famous member of the ducal house was
Philibert de Gramont
Philibert, Count de Gramont (1621–1707), was a French courtier and soldier, known as the protagonist of the ''Mémoires'' written by Anthony Hamilton (his brother-in-law). He was a younger half-brother of Antoine III of Gramont and uncle ...
(1621–1707), younger son of the first Duke.
Counts of Guiche
* 1563–1576 :
Antoine I de Gramont
Antoine I d'Aure de Gramont, viscount of Aure, count of Guiche, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Guiche, sovereign-lord of Bidache (1526 – 8 December 1576) was a French courtier and general. He served as gentleman in ordinary to the king's chamber from ...
(1526–1576)
* 1576–1580 : Philibert de Gramont (1552–1580)
* 1580–1643 :
Antoine II de Gramont (1572–1644)
Duke of Gramont, 1st Creation
* 1643–1644 :
Antoine II de Gramont (1572–1644). The patent for the creation of the title was not registered in Parliament before his death, so his son had to petition for a new creation.
Dukes of Gramont, 2nd Creation
* 1648–1678 :
Antoine III de Gramont-Touloujon, 2nd Duke of Gramont (1604–1678)
* 1678–1720 :
Antoine Charles IV de Gramont, 3rd Duke of Gramont (1641–1720)
* 1720–1725 :
Antoine V de Gramont, 4th Duke of Gramont (1671–1725)
* 1725–1741 :
Antoine VI Louis Armand de Gramont, 5th Duke of Gramont (1688–1741)
* 1741–1745 :
Louis I de Gramont, 6th Duke of Gramont (1689–1745)
* 1745–1790 :
Antoine VII de Gramont, 7th Duke of Gramont (1722–1801)
* 1815–1836 :
Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, 8th Duke of Gramont
Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont, 8th Duke of Gramont (17 August 1755 – 28 August 1836), was the 8th Duke of Gramont, he was also Prince of Bidache. Antoine served as a French military officer, diplomat and parliamentarian.
Early life and caree ...
(1755–1836)
* 1836–1848; 1852-1855 :
Antoine IX Geneviève Héraclius Agénor de Gramont, 9th Duke of Gramont (1789–1855)
* 1855–1880 :
Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont, 10th Duke of Gramont (1819–1880)
* 1880–1925 :
Antoine Alfred Agénor de Gramont, 11th Duke of Gramont (1851–1925)
* 1925–1962 :
Antoine Agénor Armand de Gramont, 12th Duke of Gramont (1879–1962)
* 1962–1995 :
Antoine Agénor Henri Armand de Gramont, 13th Duke of Gramont (1907–1995)
* 1995–2014 :
Antoine Armand Odélric Marie Henri de Gramont, 14th Duke of Gramont (1951–2014)
* 2014– :
Antoine de Gramont, 15th Duke of Gramont (b. 2008)
Dukes of Guiche
* 1780–1836 :
Antoine Louis Marie de Gramont (1755–1836), nephew of the
7th Duke of Gramont. He received the patent of Duke of Guiche on 16 April 1780 and succeeded his uncle, who died without issue in 1801, under the name and title of Duke of Gramont. Then, the title of Duke of Guiche was borne by the eldest of the Gramont family and heir presumptive to the title of Duke of Gramont.
Dukes of Lesparre
* 1739–1774:
Antoine de Gramont, 1st Duke Lesparre (1722–1801), Count of
Lescun
Lescun () is a village and a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in south-western France.
It is at an elevation of approximately in a grand cirque.
Lescun is situated on the GR 10 long-distance footpath traversing the Pyrenees ...
, then of
Lesparre, created 1st Duke Lesparre in 1739, then became 7th Duke of Gramont in 1745.
* 1774–1790:
Louis-Antoine de Gramont, 2nd Duke of Lesparre (1746–1790), brevet ducal title in 1774 (he predeceased his father)
* 1820–1877:
Auguste de Gramont, 3rd Duke of Lesparre (1820–1877)
* 1877–1931:
Armand de Gramont, 4th Duke of Lesparre (1854–1931)
* 1931–1971:
Antoine de Gramont-Lesparre, 5th Duke of Lesparre (1889–1971). In 1913, he was authorized by decree to add to his name that of ''Moncey de Conegliano''.
[Max Reyne, ''Les 26 maréchaux de Napoléon: "soldats de Révolution," "gloires de l'Empire"'', 1990.]
* 1971–1982:
Arnaud de Gramont, 6th Duke of Lesparre (1928–1982).
* 1982–:
Aimery de Gramont, 7th Duke of Lesparre (b. 1953).
** Armand de Gramont (b. 1977), son fils.
Gallery
File:Blason Antoine III de Gramont-Touloujon (1604-1678).svg, Antoine III coat of arms
File:Blason Antoine VIII Louis-Marie de Gramont.svg, Antoine VIII coat of arms
File:Blason Philibert (1621-1707) chevalier puis comte de Gramont.svg, Philibert coat of arms
See also
*
Gramont
*
Rothschild family
The Rothschild family ( , ) is a wealthy Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jewish noble banking family originally from Frankfurt. The family's documented history starts in 16th-century Frankfurt; its name is derived from the family house, Rothschild, ...
References
External links
*
"casa de Gramont" ''Historia Medieval del Rayno de Navarra''
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Gramont
Gramont