''Drassodes'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

ground spiders Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes' ...

that was first described by

Niklas Westring Niklas Westring (13 November 1797, in Gothenburg – 28 January 1882) was a Swedish entomologist and arachnologist. He started out with the intention to study medicine but this was frustrated by the death of his father. His full-time profession f ...

in 1851. They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally long, but can reach up to in length.

Species

it contains 162 species: *'' D. adisensis''

Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline * Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa *Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa *Strand Street, ...

, 1906 – Ethiopia *'' D. affinis'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' D. afghanus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. albicans'' (

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1878) – Mediterranean *'' D. andamanensis'' Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.) *'' D. andorranus'' Denis, 1938 – Andorra *'' D. angulus'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA *'' D. arapensis'' Strand, 1908 – Peru *'' D. archibensis'' Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus) *'' D. assimilatus'' (

Blackwall Blackwall may refer to: Places *Blackwall, London, an area of east London, UK **Blackwall Tunnel, the main crossing of the River Thames in east London **Blackwall Yard, a former shipyard **The former shipyard at Leamouth, London of Thames Ironwor ...

, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is. *'' D. astrologus'' ( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *'' D. auriculoides'' Barrows, 1919 – USA *'' D. auritus'' Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China *'' D. bechuanicus'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *'' D. bendamiranus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. bicurvatus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. bifidus'' Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey *'' D. brachythelis'' ( Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra) *'' D. braendegaardi''

Caporiacco Ludovico di Caporiacco (22 January 1900, in Udine – 18 July 1951, in Parma) was an Italian arachnologist. Caporiacco took part in an expedition to the Jebel Uweinat, a mountain massif in the boundary region of Sudan, Libya, and Egypt. On t ...

, 1949 – Kenya *'' D. caffrerianus''

Purcell Henry Purcell (, rare: September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer. Purcell's style of Baroque music was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest E ...

, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. calceatus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. cambridgei'' Roewer, 1951 – India *'' D. canaglensis'' Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy *'' D. carinivulvus'' Caporiacco, 1934 – India *'' D. caspius'' Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan *'' D. cerinus'' Simon, 1897 – India *'' D. charcoviae'' (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine *'' D. charitonovi'' Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan *'' D. chybyndensis'' Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran *'' D. clavifemur'' (Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir) *'' D. crassipalpus'' (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan *'' D. cupa'' Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan *'' D. cupreus'' (Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East) *'' D. dagestanus'' Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus) *'' D. daliensis'' Yang & Song, 2003 – China *'' D. delicatus'' (Blackwall, 1867) – India *'' D. deoprayagensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *'' D. depilosus'' Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan *'' D. deserticola'' Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya *'' D. difficilis'' (Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey? *'' D. dispulsoides'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' D. distinctus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria *'' D. dregei'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. drydeni'' Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar *'' D. ellenae'' (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines *'' D. ereptor'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. falciger'' Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast *'' D. fedtschenkoi'' (Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan *'' D. fugax'' (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China *'' D. gangeticus'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *'' D. gia'' Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain *'' D. gilvus'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *'' D. gooldi'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. gosiutus''

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are several ...

, 1919 – USA, Canada *'' D. gujaratensis'' Patel & Patel, 1975 – India *'' D. hamiger'' (Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi) *'' D. hebei'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *'' D. helenae'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. heterophthalmus'' Simon, 1905 – India *'' D. himalayensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *'' D. ignobilis'' Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar *'' D. imbecillus'' ( L. Koch, 1875) – Ethiopia *'' D. inermis'' (Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France *'' D. infletus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia *'' D. insidiator'' Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar *'' D. insignis'' (Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil *'' D. interemptor'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *'' D. interlisus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *'' D. interpolator'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand) *'' D. involutus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *'' D. jakkabagensis'' Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan *'' D. jiufeng'' Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China *'' D. kaszabi'' Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia *'' D. katunensis'' Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia) *'' D. kibonotensis'' Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania *'' D. krausi'' (Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan *'' D. kwantungensis'' Saito, 1937 – China *'' D. lacertosus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria *'' D. lapidosus'' (Walckenaer, 1802) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan **'' Drassodes l. bidens'' (Simon, 1878) – France *'' D. lapsus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand) *'' D. licenti'' Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia *'' D. lindbergi'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. lividus'' Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan *'' D. longispinus'' Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea *'' D. lophognathus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. luridus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *'' D. luteomicans'' (Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe *'' D. lutescens'' ( C. L. Koch, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan *'' D. lyratus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. lyriger'' Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia *'' D. macilentus'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India *'' D. malagassicus'' (

Butler A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some al ...

, 1880) – Madagascar *'' D. mandibularis'' (L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe) *'' D. manducator'' (Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar *'' D. masculus'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *'' D. mauritanicus'' Denis, 1945 – North Africa *'' D. meghalayaensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India *'' D. mirus'' Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America *'' D. montenegrinus'' (

Kulczyński Kulczyński (feminine: Kulczyńska, plural: Kulczyńscy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Stanisław Kulczyński (1895-1975), Polish botanist and politician * Władysław Kulczyński Władysław Kulczyński (27 Marc ...

, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia *'' D. monticola'' (Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan *'' D. nagqu'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *'' D. narayanpurensis'' Gajbe, 2005 – India *'' D. natali'' Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan *'' D. neglectus'' (

Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk: * Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist * Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist * Hermann ...

, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America *'' D. nox'' Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan *'' D. nugatorius'' ( Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia *'' D. obscurus'' (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria *'' D. parauritus'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *'' D. paroculus'' Simon, 1893 – Spain *'' D. parvidens'' Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan *'' D. pashanensis'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India *'' D. pectinifer'' Schenkel, 1936 – China *'' D. phagduaensis'' Tikader, 1964 – Nepal *'' D. placidulus'' Simon, 1914 – France *'' D. platnicki'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China *'' D. prosthesimiformis'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *'' D. pseudolesserti'' Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China *'' D. pubescens'' (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan *'' D. robatus'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. rostratus'' Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan *'' D. rubicundulus'' Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan *'' D. rubidus'' (Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia) *'' D. rugichelis'' Denis, 1962 – Madeira *'' D. russulus'' (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java) *'' D. saccatus'' ( Emerton, 1890) – North America *'' D. saganus'' Strand, 1918 – Japan *'' D. sagarensis'' Tikader, 1982 – India *'' D. saitoi'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' D. serratichelis'' (Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA *'' D. serratidens'' Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan *'' D. sesquidentatus'' Purcell, 1908 – South Africa *'' D. shawanensis'' Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China *'' D. similis'' Nosek, 1905 – Turkey *'' D. simplex'' Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka) *'' D. simplicivulvus'' Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia *'' D. singulariformis'' Roewer, 1951 – India *'' D. sirmourensis'' (Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China *'' D. sitae'' Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India *'' D. sockniensis'' (Karsch, 1881) – Libya *'' D. solitarius'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. soussensis'' Denis, 1956 – Morocco *'' D. splendens'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *'' D. stationis'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *'' D. sternatus'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *'' D. striatus'' (L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine *'' D. subviduatus'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia *'' D. taehadongensis'' Paik, 1995 – Korea *'' D. tarrhunensis'' (Karsch, 1881) – Libya *'' D. termezius'' Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan *'' D. tesselatus'' Purcell, 1907 – South Africa *'' D. thaleri'' Hervé, 2009 – France *'' D. thimei'' (L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan *'' D. tikaderi'' (Gajbe, 1987) – India *'' D. tiritschensis'' Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan *'' D. tortuosus'' Tucker, 1923 – South Africa *'' D. unicolor'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel *'' D. uritai'' Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China *'' D. venustus'' (Nicolet, 1849) – Chile *'' D. villosus'' (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East) *'' D. viveki'' (Gajbe, 1992) – India *'' D. vorax'' Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia

References

Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders Gnaphosidae {{Gnaphosidae-stub