''Drassodes'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...
of
ground spiders
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes' ...
that was first described by
Niklas Westring in 1851.
They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally long,
but can reach up to in length.
Species
it contains 162 species:
*''
D. adisensis''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. affinis''
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
*''
D. afghanus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. albicans''
( Simon, 1878) – Mediterranean
*''
D. andamanensis''
Tikader, 1977 – India (Andaman Is.)
*''
D. andorranus''
Denis, 1938 – Andorra
*''
D. angulus''
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – USA
*''
D. arapensis''
Strand, 1908 – Peru
*''
D. archibensis''
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''
D. assimilatus''
( Blackwall, 1865) – Canary Is., Cape Verde Is.
*''
D. astrologus''
( O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. auriculoides''
Barrows, 1919 – USA
*''
D. auritus''
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, China
*''
D. bechuanicus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. bendamiranus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. bicurvatus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. bifidus''
Kovblyuk & Seyyar, 2009 – Turkey
*''
D. brachythelis''
( Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
*''
D. braendegaardi''
Caporiacco
Ludovico di Caporiacco (22 January 1900, in Udine – 18 July 1951, in Parma) was an Italian arachnologist.
Caporiacco took part in an expedition to the Jebel Uweinat, a mountain massif in the boundary region of Sudan, Libya, and Egypt. On t ...
, 1949 – Kenya
*''
D. caffrerianus''
Purcell
Henry Purcell (, rare: September 1659 – 21 November 1695) was an English composer.
Purcell's style of Baroque music was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest E ...
, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. calceatus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. cambridgei''
Roewer, 1951 – India
*''
D. canaglensis''
Caporiacco, 1927 – Italy
*''
D. carinivulvus''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India
*''
D. caspius''
Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 – Turkey, Russia (Europe, Caucasus), Kazakhstan
*''
D. cerinus''
Simon, 1897 – India
*''
D. charcoviae''
(Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
*''
D. charitonovi''
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
*''
D. chybyndensis''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe to Central Asia), Kazakhstan, Iran
*''
D. clavifemur''
(Reimoser, 1935) – India (Karakorum, Kashmir)
*''
D. crassipalpus''
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
*''
D. cupa''
Tuneva, 2004 – Kazakhstan
*''
D. cupreus''
(Blackwall, 1834) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''
D. dagestanus''
Ponomarev & Alieva, 2008 – Russia (Caucasus)
*''
D. daliensis''
Yang & Song, 2003 – China
*''
D. delicatus''
(Blackwall, 1867) – India
*''
D. deoprayagensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. depilosus''
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
*''
D. deserticola''
Simon, 1893 – Algeria, Libya
*''
D. difficilis''
(Simon, 1878) – Spain, France, Italy, Turkey?
*''
D. dispulsoides''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
D. distinctus''
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
*''
D. dregei''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. drydeni''
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
*''
D. ellenae''
(Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) – Philippines
*''
D. ereptor''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. falciger''
Jézéquel, 1965 – Ivory Coast
*''
D. fedtschenkoi''
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Uzbekistan
*''
D. fugax''
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Central Asia, China
*''
D. gangeticus''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. gia''
Melic & Barrientos, 2017 – Spain
*''
D. gilvus''
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
*''
D. gooldi''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. gosiutus''
Chamberlin
The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are several ...
, 1919 – USA, Canada
*''
D. gujaratensis''
Patel & Patel, 1975 – India
*''
D. hamiger''
(Thorell, 1877) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
*''
D. hebei''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. helenae''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. heterophthalmus''
Simon, 1905 – India
*''
D. himalayensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. ignobilis''
Petrunkevitch, 1914 – Myanmar
*''
D. imbecillus''
( L. Koch, 1875) – Ethiopia
*''
D. inermis''
(Simon, 1878) – Spain (Menorca), France
*''
D. infletus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand), Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
*''
D. insidiator''
Thorell, 1897 – Myanmar
*''
D. insignis''
(Blackwall, 1862) – Brazil
*''
D. interemptor''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. interlisus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. interpolator''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan, China (Yarkand)
*''
D. involutus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. jakkabagensis''
Charitonov, 1946 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
*''
D. jiufeng''
Tang, Song & Zhang, 2001 – China
*''
D. kaszabi''
Loksa, 1965 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia
*''
D. katunensis''
Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
D. kibonotensis''
Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
*''
D. krausi''
(Roewer, 1961) – Afghanistan
*''
D. kwantungensis''
Saito, 1937 – China
*''
D. lacertosus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece, Turkey, Israel, Syria
*''
D. lapidosus''
(Walckenaer, 1802) (
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China, Korea, Japan
**''
Drassodes l. bidens''
(Simon, 1878) – France
*''
D. lapsus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China (Yarkand)
*''
D. licenti''
Schenkel, 1953 – Mongolia
*''
D. lindbergi''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. lividus''
Denis, 1958 – Afghanistan
*''
D. longispinus''
Marusik & Logunov, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), China, Korea
*''
D. lophognathus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. luridus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. luteomicans''
(Simon, 1878) – Southern Europe
*''
D. lutescens''
( C. L. Koch, 1839) – Mediterranean, Ukraine, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Pakistan
*''
D. lyratus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. lyriger''
Simon, 1909 – Ethiopia
*''
D. macilentus''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – India
*''
D. malagassicus''
(Butler
A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some al ...
, 1880) – Madagascar
*''
D. mandibularis''
(L. Koch, 1866) – Russia (Europe)
*''
D. manducator''
(Thorell, 1897) – Myanmar
*''
D. masculus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. mauritanicus''
Denis, 1945 – North Africa
*''
D. meghalayaensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
*''
D. mirus''
Platnick & Shadab, 1976 – Russia (Far East), North America
*''
D. montenegrinus''
(Kulczyński Kulczyński (feminine: Kulczyńska, plural: Kulczyńscy) is a Polish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Stanisław Kulczyński (1895-1975), Polish botanist and politician
* Władysław Kulczyński
Władysław Kulczyński (27 Marc ...
, 1897) – Croatia, Serbia
*''
D. monticola''
(Kroneberg, 1875) – Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan
*''
D. nagqu''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. narayanpurensis''
Gajbe, 2005 – India
*''
D. natali''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
D. neglectus''
(Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk:
* Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist
* Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist
* Hermann ...
, 1887) – Russia (Middle to East Siberia, Far East), North America
*''
D. nox''
Dönitz & Strand, 1906 – Japan
*''
D. nugatorius''
( Karsch, 1881) – Libya, Arabia
*''
D. obscurus''
(Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
*''
D. parauritus''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. paroculus''
Simon, 1893 – Spain
*''
D. parvidens''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
*''
D. pashanensis''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1977 – India
*''
D. pectinifer''
Schenkel, 1936 – China
*''
D. phagduaensis''
Tikader, 1964 – Nepal
*''
D. placidulus''
Simon, 1914 – France
*''
D. platnicki''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Mongolia, China
*''
D. prosthesimiformis''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. pseudolesserti''
Loksa, 1965 – Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China
*''
D. pubescens''
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Israel, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
*''
D. robatus''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. rostratus''
Esyunin & Tuneva, 2002 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
*''
D. rubicundulus''
Caporiacco, 1934 – India, Pakistan
*''
D. rubidus''
(Simon, 1878) – Portugal, Spain, France, Italy (Sardinia)
*''
D. rugichelis''
Denis, 1962 – Madeira
*''
D. russulus''
(Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Java)
*''
D. saccatus''
( Emerton, 1890) – North America
*''
D. saganus''
Strand, 1918 – Japan
*''
D. sagarensis''
Tikader, 1982 – India
*''
D. saitoi''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
D. serratichelis''
(Roewer, 1928) – Spain (Majorca), Greece, Turkey, Ukraine, Israel. Introduced to USA
*''
D. serratidens''
Schenkel, 1963 – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''
D. sesquidentatus''
Purcell, 1908 – South Africa
*''
D. shawanensis''
Song, Zhu & Zhang, 2004 – China
*''
D. similis''
Nosek, 1905 – Turkey
*''
D. simplex''
Kulczyński, 1926 – Russia (Kamchatka)
*''
D. simplicivulvus''
Caporiacco, 1940 – Ethiopia
*''
D. singulariformis''
Roewer, 1951 – India
*''
D. sirmourensis''
(Tikader & Gajbe, 1977) – India, China
*''
D. sitae''
Tikader & Gajbe, 1975 – India
*''
D. sockniensis''
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
*''
D. solitarius''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. soussensis''
Denis, 1956 – Morocco
*''
D. splendens''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. stationis''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. sternatus''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. striatus''
(L. Koch, 1866) – Hungary, Balkans, Romania, Ukraine
*''
D. subviduatus''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
*''
D. taehadongensis''
Paik, 1995 – Korea
*''
D. tarrhunensis''
(Karsch, 1881) – Libya
*''
D. termezius''
Roewer, 1961 – Afghanistan
*''
D. tesselatus''
Purcell, 1907 – South Africa
*''
D. thaleri''
Hervé, 2009 – France
*''
D. thimei''
(L. Koch, 1878) – Turkmenistan
*''
D. tikaderi''
(Gajbe, 1987) – India
*''
D. tiritschensis''
Miller & Buchar, 1972 – Afghanistan
*''
D. tortuosus''
Tucker, 1923 – South Africa
*''
D. unicolor''
(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) – Greece (Crete), Libya, Egypt, Lebanon, Israel
*''
D. uritai''
Tang, Oldemtu, Zhao & Song, 1999 – China
*''
D. venustus''
(Nicolet, 1849) – Chile
*''
D. villosus''
(Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Turkey, Central Asia, Russia (Europe to Far East)
*''
D. viveki''
(Gajbe, 1992) – India
*''
D. vorax''
Strand, 1906 – Ethiopia
References
Araneomorphae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders
Gnaphosidae
{{Gnaphosidae-stub