A ''tubeteika'' (, in Northern Tajikistan, / , , , ; rus, тюбете́йка, links=1, tyubeteika, tʲʉbʲɪˈtʲeɪ̯kə, LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Tohaomg-тюбетейка.wav) is a

Russian Russian(s) may refer to: *Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries *A citizen of Russia *Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages *''The Russians'', a b ...

word for many varieties of traditional

Central Asia Central Asia is a region of Asia consisting of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The countries as a group are also colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as all have names ending with the Persian language, Pers ...

cap A cap is a flat headgear, usually with a visor. Caps have crowns that fit very close to the head. They made their first appearance as early as 3200 BC. The origin of the word "cap" comes from the Old French word "chapeau" which means "head co ...

s. Tubeteikas are today worn in

Tajikistan Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital city, capital and most populous city. Tajikistan borders Afghanistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, south, Uzbekistan to ...

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a European Kazakhstan, small portion in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the Kazakhstan–Russia border, north and west, China to th ...

Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan, officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Asia lying in the Tian Shan and Pamir Mountains, Pamir mountain ranges. Bishkek is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Kyrgyzstan, largest city. Kyrgyz ...

, and

Uzbekistan , image_flag = Flag of Uzbekistan.svg , image_coat = Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg , symbol_type = Emblem of Uzbekistan, Emblem , national_anthem = "State Anthem of Uzbekistan, State Anthem of the Republ ...

, as well as in Muslim-populated regions of

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

(mainly

Tatars Tatars ( )Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary are a group of Turkic peoples across Eas ...

) and

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a Boundaries between the continents, transcontinental and landlocked country at the boundary of West Asia and Eastern Europe. It is a part of the South Caucasus region and is bounded by ...

. The skullcap worn by Uzbeks and Uyghurs is called a

doppa The doppa () or doppi ( / / ; , ''toqi'') is an Uzbeks, Uzbek and Uyghurs, Uyghur square or round skullcap originating in Central Asia, worn by Uyghurs, Uzbeks, and some Tajiks. The doppa is a specific type of hat within the Tubeteika category. ...

and has a square base. It was a popular headgear among children throughout the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

during the 1940s and 1950s. Tubeteikas differ greatly between different people of the region and even between different regions of same countries. Tajik toqis feature a great variety of styles, ranging from square black-and-white ones in

Sughd Sughd Province, also referred to as the Sogdia Region, and Leninabad before 2001, is one of the four administrative divisions and one of the three provinces of Tajikistan, provinces that make up Tajikistan. Centered in the historical Sogdiana, it ...

to round multicolored styles in the Southern regions including

Khatlon Khatlon Region (), one of the four provinces of Tajikistan, is the most populous of the four first-level administrative regions in the country. It is situated in the southwest of the country, between the Hisor Range, Hisor (Gissar) Range in the n ...

and round red, green and other styles in the east ( Pamir). Turkic varieties bear some superficial resemblance to the

yurt A yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian language, Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered and Thermal insulation, insulated with Hide (skin), skins or felt and traditionally used as a dwelling by several distinct Nomad, nomad ...

, another Central Asian cultural icon. The ''-ka'' at the end is a Russian

diminutive suffix A diminutive is a word obtained by modifying a root word to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment, and sometimes to belittle som ...

, as with '' shapka'', ''

ushanka An ushanka (, , from , ), also called an ushanka-hat (, ), is a Russian fur hat with ear-covering flaps that can be tied up on the crown of the cap, or fastened at the chin to protect the ears, jaw, and lower chin from the cold. An alternativ ...

'', '' kubanka'', '' pilotka'' and ''

budenovka A budenovka ( rus, будёновка, r=budyonovka, p=bʊˈdʲɵnəfkə) is a distinctive type of hat, an archetypal part of the Communist military uniforms of the Russian Civil War following the Russian Revolution (1917–1922) and later c ...

''. In Turkmen, it is called ''tahiya'' ("

taqiyah In Islam, ''taqiyya'' ()R. STROTHMANN, MOKTAR DJEBLI. Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed, Brill. "TAKIYYA", vol. 10, p. 134. Quote: "TAKIYYA "prudence, fear" ... denotes dispensing with the ordinances of religion in cases of constraint of preaching ...

").

Doppa and Toki

The ''doppa'' or ''duppi'' (, ) is considered an

applied art The applied arts are all the arts that apply design and decoration to everyday and essentially practical objects in order to make them aesthetically pleasing."Applied art" in ''The Oxford Dictionary of Art''. Online edition. Oxford Univ ...

form and an important part of the traditional folk costume. Black with a flat, square base, In

Chust, Uzbekistan Chust (; ) is a city in eastern Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Chust District. The City of Chust is located in the northern corner of the Fergana Valley along the river Chustsoy. Chust is one of the oldest cities in the Fergana ...

, the caps are made with white embroidery with "four arches

hich Ij () is a village in Golabar Rural District of the Central District in Ijrud County, Zanjan province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq ...

represent impenetrable gates that will keep all enemies at bay; the burning peppers protect against the evil eye; and the almonds or ''bodom'' are said to symbolise life and fertility". In Tajikistan, styles vary greatly depending on the region: in the north (

), they are traditionally square and mostly black-and-white, while in the South (

) they are round and usually made with bright colors. In Pamir, tubeteikas are more influenced by

Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religions, Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zoroaster, Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, ...

, with multiple styles as well. Even though a part of traditional clothes, in Soviet times people started wearing tubeteikas with Western-style clothes, for example it was common to wear a tubeteika with suits and button-down shirts. This trend continued after gaining independence and is ongoing with more traditional clothes being mixed with Western clothes. Also, there is a trend among

Sephardic Sephardic Jews, also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the historic Jewish communities of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) and their descendant ...

and

Moroccan Jews Moroccan Jews (; ; ) are Jews who live in or are from Morocco. Moroccan Jews constitute an ancient community dating to Roman Empire, Roman times. Jews began immigrating to the region as early as 70 CE. They were much later met by a second wave o ...

to wear tubeteikas as a

kippah A (plural: ''kippot''), , or is a brimless Jewish cap, skullcap, usually made of cloth, traditionally worn by Jewish men to fulfill the customary requirement that the Head covering, head be covered. It is the most common type of head-coverin ...

Gallery

File:Тебетей.jpg, A Kyrgyz tebetey File:Crimean Tatar hat - Tubeteika.jpg, A Crimean Tatar tubeteika. File:Топу.jpg, A Kyrgyz "topu" File:Tajik Tubeteika-4.jpg, A Tajik toki File:Огонек 1934.JPG, Cover of

Ogoniok ''Ogoniok'' ( rus, Огонёк, Ogonyok, t=Spark, p=ɐɡɐˈnʲɵk, a=Ru-огонёк.ogg; pre-reform orthography: Огонекъ) was one of the oldest weekly illustrated magazines in Russia. History and profile ''Ogoniok'' was first issue ...

featuring

Maxim Gorky Alexei Maximovich Peshkov (; – 18 June 1936), popularly known as Maxim Gorky (; ), was a Russian and Soviet writer and proponent of socialism. He was nominated five times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Before his success as an aut ...

wearing a tubeteika.

References

External links

* Caps Culture of Azerbaijan Culture of Kazakhstan Culture of Kyrgyzstan Culture of Tajikistan Tatar culture Culture of Uzbekistan {{clothing-stub

Doppa and Toki

Gallery

See also

References

External links