Downer is the
New Jersey
New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...
state soil
State most commonly refers to:
* State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory
**Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country
**Nation state, a ...
. The Downer has four
soil horizon
A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface whose physical, chemical and biological characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath. Horizons are defined in many cases by obvious physical features, mainly colour and texture. ...
s:
*Surface layer: dark grayish brown loamy sand
*Subsurface layer: grayish brown sandy loam
*
Subsoil
Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower percentage of organic matter and humus. The su ...
- upper: yellowish brown gravelly sandy loam
*Subsoil - lower: yellowish brown sand and coarse sand
The Downer Series was established in 1960 in
Gloucester County. Downer soils are formed in fluviomarine deposits in the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plains.
See also
*
Pedology (soil study)
Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, ''pedon'', "soil"; and λόγος, ''logos'', "study") is a discipline within soil science which focuses on understanding and characterizing soil formation, evolution, and the theoretical frameworks for modelin ...
*
List of U.S. state soils
This is a list of U.S. state soils. A state soil is a soil that has special significance to a particular U.S. state, state. Each state in the United States has selected a state soil, twenty of which have been legislatively established. These offic ...
References
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service State Soils New Jersey (PDF)
Pedology
Soil in the United States
Geology of New Jersey
Symbols of New Jersey
Types of soil
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