Dorothea Viehmann (November 8, 1755 – November 17, 1816) was a German storyteller. Her stories were an important source for the fairy tales collected by the
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm ( or ), Jacob Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm (1786–1859), were Germans, German academics who together collected and published folklore. The brothers are among the best-known storytellers of Oral tradit ...
. Most of Dorothea Viehmann's tales were published in the second volume of
Grimms' Fairy Tales
''Grimms' Fairy Tales'', originally known as the ''Children's and Household Tales'' (, , commonly abbreviated as ''KHM''), is a German collection of fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm, Jacob Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm, first publish ...
.
Life
Dorothea Viehmann was born as Katharina Dorothea Pierson in
Rengershausen near
Kassel
Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in North Hesse, northern Hesse, in Central Germany (geography), central Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel (region), Kassel and the d ...
as a daughter of a tavern owner. Her paternal ancestors were persecuted
Huguenot
The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...
s who fled from France to
Hesse-Kassel
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (), spelled Hesse-Cassel during its entire existence, also known as the Hessian Palatinate (), was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. The state was created in 1567 when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided upon t ...
after the
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes () was an edict signed in April 1598 by Henry IV of France, King Henry IV and granted the minority Calvinism, Calvinist Protestants of France, also known as Huguenots, substantial rights in the nation, which was predominantl ...
was revoked. As she grew up, Viehmann picked up numerous stories, legends and fairy tales from the guests of her father's tavern.
In 1777 Dorothea Pierson married the tailor Nikolaus Viehmann. From 1787 to 1798 the family lived in Niederzwehren, today part of the city of Kassel. After the death of her husband, she had to provide for herself and her seven children by selling products from her garden at the local market.
She became acquainted with the Brothers Grimm in 1813 and told them more than forty tales and variations. Because of Viehmann's Huguenot ancestors, a number of her stories are based on French fairy tales.
Wilhelm Grimm wrote that it was an amazing coincidence that he and his brother had met this woman. The brothers were especially impressed that Viehmann could retell her stories again and again without changing a word. There are, however, several examples of her stories which remained incomplete.
Fairy tales
A number of stories in ''Grimms' Fairy Tales'' are likely to trace back to Dorothea Viehmann:
*KHM 6:
Trusty John or ''Faithful John'' (''Der treue Johannes'')
*KHM 9:
The Twelve Brothers (''Die zwölf Brüder'')
*KHM 29:
The Devil With the Three Golden Hairs
"The Devil with the Three Golden Hairs" () is a German fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm (KHM 29). It falls under Aarne–Thompson classification types 461 ("three hairs from the devil"), and 930 ("prophecy that a poor boy will marry a ...
(''Der Teufel mit den drei goldenen Haaren'')
*KHM 34:
Clever Elsie (''Die kluge Else'')
*KHM 61:
The Little Peasant (''Das Bürle'')
*KHM 63:
The Three Feathers (''Die drei Federn'')
*KHM 71:
How Six Men got on in the World (''Sechse kommen durch die ganze Welt'')
*KHM 76:
The Pink (''Die Nelke'')
*KHM 89:
The Goose Girl (''Die Gänsemagd'')
*KHM 94:
The Peasant's Wise Daughter (''Die kluge Bauerntochter'')
*KHM 98:
Doctor Know-all (''Doktor Allwissend'')
*KHM 100:
The Devil's Sooty Brother (''Des Teufels rußiger Bruder'')
*KHM 102:
The Willow-Wren and the Bear (''Der Zaunkönig und der Bär'')
*KHM 106:
The Poor Miller's Boy and the Cat (''Der arme Müllersbursch und das Kätzchen'')
*KHM 108:
Hans My Hedgehog (''Hans mein Igel'')
*KHM 111:
The Skillful Huntsman (''Der gelernte Jäger'')
*KHM 115:
The Bright Sun Brings it to Light (''Die klare Sonne bringt's an den Tag'')
*KHM 118:
The Three Army Surgeons (''Die drei Feldscherer'')
*KHM 125:
The Devil and His Grandmother (''Der Teufel und seine Großmutter'')
*KHM 127:
The Iron Stove (''Der Eisenofen'')
*KHM 128:
The Lazy Spinner (''Die faule Spinnerin'')
The abbreviation "KHM" refers to the collection's original title ''Kinder- und Hausmärchen''. The Brothers Grimm marked those texts tracing back to Dorothea Viehmann with the comment "''aus Zwehrn''" ("from Zwehrn", short for "Niederzwehren").
Locations and memorials
The historical part of Niederzwehren is today sometimes called ''Märchenviertel'', Fairy Tale Quarter, in honor of the famous storyteller. Memorial signs on two timber-framed houses indicate where Dorothea Viehmann used to live between 1787 and 1798 and from 1798 until her death.
Both the Quarter's elementary school and a recently created park bear the name of the storyteller.
The tavern and brewery owned by Dorothea Viehmann's father is now run by the local Hütt brewery. It is located next to the
Bundesautobahn 49
is a federal motorway running through north Hesse. It connects Kassel with Fritzlar, Schwalmstadt, Stadtallendorf and Homberg (Ohm) and connects with the A5 at the Ohmtaldreieck interchange.
It offers an alternative and shorter route to t ...
near the motorway junction Kassel-West at
Baunatal-Rengershausen.
In 2009, a memorial of Dorothea Viehmann by the artist
Berahna Massoum was installed close to the Fairy Tale Quarter.
News item released by the city of Kassel
/ref>
See also
* Grimms' Fairy Tales
''Grimms' Fairy Tales'', originally known as the ''Children's and Household Tales'' (, , commonly abbreviated as ''KHM''), is a German collection of fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm, Jacob Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm, first publish ...
* Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm ( or ), Jacob Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm Grimm, Wilhelm (1786–1859), were Germans, German academics who together collected and published folklore. The brothers are among the best-known storytellers of Oral tradit ...
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Viehmann, Dorothea
1755 births
1816 deaths
Collectors of fairy tales
German folklorists
German women folklorists
18th-century storytellers
Women storytellers
People from Kassel (district)
People from the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel
18th-century German scholars
German people of French descent