Donax Trunculus

The truncate donax,, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, USA. onsulted 27-09-2021 abrupt wedge shell, wedge clam or coquina clam''"Donax trunculus"''
TermCat. onsulted 27-09-2021 (''Donax trunculus''), is a bivalve species in the family Donacidae.

It is native to the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of western Europe, as well as the Red sea, where it is consumed as a food. The wedge clam prefers to live at depths of 0-2m and in clean, fine, and well sorted sand. These clams are efficient and rapid burrowers, and their survival relies heavily on the composition of the sand they burrow in. Their burrowing times vary based on the coarseness of the sand, which reflects their prevalence in these fine-sanded environments. The wedge clam is a popular food item for human consumption, but can carry heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminations. As they are commonly consumed raw or lightly cooked, these contaminants are commonly present at the time of consumption. Despite this, the wedge clam is an efficient bioindicator of heavy metals and hydrocarbon contaminants in their environment.

With this species, as with many in its family Donacidae, it's easy to mistake the orientation of the valves, that is, to locate wrong the anterior and posterior ends of the animal and thus to mistake the right valve for the left one and vice versa (if there's no soft body left to give a reference), because the wedge clam's valves have some distinct features which are the opposite to what we see in the majority of the bivalves and can lead to confusion if we try to orientate the valves using these: first, Donax's umbo points backwards, towards the posterior end (instead of pointing forward, which is the common thing to happen in other bivalve families such as Veneridae); second, the anterior half of the valve (if you divide the valve in two by tracing a transverse axis from the umbo's point) is bigger, broader, more elongate, extends further away, while the posterior half is much shorter and reduced, which is exactly the opposite to the norm. However, if we ignore these unusual features, the valve can be readily oriented if we are able to make out the impression of the pallial sinus on the internal face of the valve: the pallial sinus, which is quite deep and prominent in this species, always opens towards the posterior end of the animal, with no exception.

File:Donax trunculus 002.jpg, ''Donax trunculus trunculus''
right valve
File:Donax trunculus 001.jpg, ''Donax trunculus trunculus''
left valve

File:Donax trunculus 008.jpg, ''Donax trunculus trunculus'' var. ''flaveolus''
right valve
File:Donax trunculus 007.jpg, ''Donax trunculus trunculus'' var. ''flaveolus''
left valve

File:Donax trunculus 010.jpg, ''Donax trunculus trunculus'' var. ''subplanus''
right valve
File:Donax trunculus 009.jpg, ''Donax trunculus trunculus'' var. ''subplanus''
left valve

File:Donax trunculus 004.jpg, ''Donax trunculus adriaticus''
right valve
File:Donax trunculus 003.jpg, ''Donax trunculus adriaticus''
left valve

File:Donax trunculus 006.jpg, ''Donax trunculus anatinus''
right valve
File:Donax trunculus 005.jpg, ''Donax trunculus anatinus''
left valve

Names in other languages

It is locally known as ''flion'', ''flion tronqué'', ''olive de mer'', ''haricot de mer'' or ''telline'' (among other names) in French,''"Donax trunculus"''
SeaLifeBase. onsulted 27-09-2021"''Donax trunculus'' - Flion tronqué"
(in French), ''DORIS'' (''Données d'Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l'Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques''). onsulted 27-09-2021 ''lagagnon'' in the area of Arcaishon and Les Landes, ''cadelucha'' in the Bayonne region,"Animals sedentaris, noms viatgers"
''Llengua ligur i altres llengües del nord d'Itàlia'', 13 June 2012, with an excerpt from ''Trésor de la Langue Française'', which in turn cites ''Les algues et invertébrés marins despêches françaises'' (1992). which coincides with the Basque name of ''kadeluxa''; ''tellin'', ''tellina'', ''telline'', ''tenille'' or ''truille'' in the Occitan-speaking area of the Mediterranean, ''tellina'' or ''arsella'' in Italian, ''tellerina'', ''tellina'' or ''escopinya francesa'' in Catalan (the latter variant used on Menorca),"Els noms dels peixos i mariscs"
(in Catalan), Universitat de les Illes Balears. onsulted 27-09-2021 ''jòcula cautxa'' in Catalan of the Alguerès variant, ''coquina truncada'' or ''coquina'' in Spanish,''"Donax trunculus"''
(in Spanish), Asturnatura. onsulted 27-09-2021''cadelucha'', ''coquina'' or ''navalliña'' in Galician, ''conquilha'' or ''cadelinha'' in Portuguese and ''Um El-Kholol'' in Egyptian Arabic, etc. In Australia, a very similar shellfish is locally known as "Pippies".

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3036241

Donacidae
Molluscs described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus