Domenico Guglielmini (

Bologna Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the List of cities in Italy, seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its M ...

, 27 September 1655 -

Padua Padua ( ) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua. The city lies on the banks of the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice and southeast of Vicenza, and has a population of 20 ...

, 27 July 1710) was an Italian

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field. Chemists study the composition of ...

and physician, active and successful mainly in Bologna and Padua.

Life

Born in

to a well-off family, he graduated in medicine in 1678 with

Marcello Malpighi Marcello Malpighi (10 March 1628 – 30 November 1694) was an Italians, Italian biologist and physician, who is referred to as the "founder of microscopical anatomy, histology and father of physiology and embryology". Malpighi's name is borne by ...

at the

University of Bologna The University of Bologna (, abbreviated Unibo) is a Public university, public research university in Bologna, Italy. Teaching began around 1088, with the university becoming organised as guilds of students () by the late 12th century. It is the ...

, at the same time he studied mathematics with

Geminiano Montanari Geminiano Montanari (1 June 1633 – 13 October 1687) was an Italian astronomer, lens-maker, and proponent of the experimental approach to science. He was a member of various learned academies, notably the Accademia dei Gelati. Montanari's famous ...

and became a member of the Academia della Traccia o dei Filosofi. His first mathematical writing topic was astronomy, but later he focused his studies on hydraulics. In 1686 he was named "Bologna General Water Administrator", an important role due to the large number of watercourses existing in the area and the frequent flooding that required surveillance. The experience gave inspiration for his well-known work "Della natura dei fiumi" which is considered a masterpiece of modern river hydraulics. He married Costanza Gioannetti and had three daughters and a son, Giuseppe Ferdinando, who became his biographer. In 1690 he was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Bologna and in 1694 professor of

Hydrometry Hydrometry is the monitoring of the components of the hydrological cycle including rainfall, groundwater characteristics, as well as water quality and flow characteristics of surface waters. The etymology of the term ''hydrometry'' is from () 'w ...

. In 1698 he was invited by the prestigious

University of Padua The University of Padua (, UNIPD) is an Italian public research university in Padua, Italy. It was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from the University of Bologna, who previously settled in Vicenza; thus, it is the second-oldest ...

to teach mathematics, astronomy and medicine and to collaborate in the restoration of the fortifications of

Kotor Kotor (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Котор, ), historically known as Cattaro (from Italian language, Italian: ), is a town in Coastal Montenegro, Coastal region of Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Bay of Kotor. The city has ...

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(today

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). He died in 1709 after eight months of agony for a cerebral haemorrhage. He was buried in the church of St. Massimo in Padua and a sumptuous monument was erected in the

Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua The Pontifical Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua () is a Catholic Church, Catholic church and Basilicas in the Catholic Church, minor basilica in Padua, Veneto, Northern Italy, dedicated to Anthony of Padua, St. Anthony of Padua. Although the ...

Works

* Domenico Guglielmini, ''Dominici Gulielmini ... Opera omnia mathematica, hydraulica, medica, et physica. Accessit vita autoris, a Jo. Baptista Morgagni ... cum figuris & indicibus necessariis'', Tomus primus, Tomus secundus, Genevae : sumptibus Cramer, Perachon & socii, 1719

Hydraulics

* * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Dominici Gulielmini medici et mathematici Boniensis Epistolae duae hydrostaticae altera apologetica aduersus obseruationes contra mens. aquarum fluentium a clarissimo viro Dionisio Papino factas...altera de velocitate, & motu fluidorum in siphonibus recuruis suctorijs'', Bononiae : apud h.h. Antonij Pisarij, 1692. *
''Della natura de' fiumi trattato fisico-matematico del dott. Domenico Guglielmini''
- ''Nuova edizione con le annotazioni di

Eustachio Manfredi Eustachio Manfredi (20 September 1674 – 15 February 1739) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer and poet. Manfredi discovered, ten years earlier than James Bradley, the phenomenon of Aberration (astronomy), aberration. Biography Eustachi ...

''. ... - In Bologna : nella stamperìa di Lelio dalla Volpe, 1739. * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Risposta al parere de' molto reverendi padri Seur e Jacquier sopra i diversi progetti per il regolamento delle acque delle tre provincie di Bologna Ferrara e Romagna'', In Firenze : appresso Andrea Bonducci, 1765.

Chemistry and crystallography

* Domenico Guglielmini, ''Riflessioni filosofiche dedotte dalle figure de' sali dal dottore Domenico Guglielmini espresse in vn discorso recitato nell'Accademia filosofica esperimentale di monsig. arcidiacono Marsigli la sera delli 21. marzo 1688'', In Bologna : per gli eredi d'Antonio Pisarri, 1688. * * Domenico Guglielmini, ''De salibus dissertatio epistolaris physico-medico-mechanica conscripta a Dominico Guglielmini philosopho et medico Bononiensi'', Lugduni Batavorum : apud Fredericum Haaring, 1707.

Medicine

* Domenico Guglielmini, ''De sanguinis natura & constitutione exercitatio physico-medica Dominici Gulielmini'', Venetiis : ex typographia Andreae Poleti, 1701. * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Dominici Guglielmini ... Exercitatio de idearum vitiis correctione & usu ad statuendam & inquirendam morborum naturam'', Patavii : apud Josephum Corona, 1707. * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Dominici Guglielmini ... Commentaria in primam Aphorismorum Hippocratis sectionem, a Josepho Ferdinando filio, nonnullis explicationibus locupletata & deficientium aucta. Praemittuntur praelectiones tres in idem argumento ab eodem Dominico'', Bononiae: apud Thomam Colli ex typographia S. Thomae Aquinatis, 1748.

Physics and astronomy

* * Domenico Guglielmini, ''De cometarum natura et ortu epistolica dissertatio occasione nouissimi cometae sub finem superioris anni; & inter initia currentis obseruati conscripta. Auctore Dominico Gulielmino'', Bononiae : typis haeredis Dominici Barberij, 1681. * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Pro theoria medica aduersus empiricam sectam praeletio habita Patavij die 2. Maij 1702. A Domenico Guglielmini bononiensi. Dum a mathematicarum scientiarum cathedra ad primam theoreticae medicinae transitum faceret'', Venetiis : typis Hieronymi Albriccij, 1702. * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Dominici Guglielmini ... De principio sulphureo dissertationes quibus mantissae loco accessit dissertatio de aethere'', Venetiis : apud Andream Poleti, 1710. * Domenico Guglielmini, ''Dominici Gulielmini ... Observatio solaris eclipsis anni 1684. Bononiae habita die 12. iulij eusdem anni'', Patavij : typis Jo. Baptistae Conzatti, 1711. *

References

Notes Bibliography * Eustachio Manfredi, "Vita di Domenico Guglielmini" nella Prefazione a ''Della natura de' fiumi trattato fisico matematico di Domenico Guglielmini con le annotazioni di Eustachio Manfredi'', Bologna: tipografia Marsigli, 1821, pp. VII-XXXV

. *

Icilio Guareschi Icilio Guareschi (; 24 December 1847 – 20 June 1918) was an Italian chemist. Icilio Guareschi studied at the University of Bologna and received his Ph.D there in 1871. He became professor at the University of Siena and in 1879 at the Unive ...

, ''Domenico Guglielmini e la sua opera scientifica'', Estratto dal Supplemento annuale all'Enciclopedia di Chimica, diretta dal Prof. Icilio Guareschi, vol. XXX, Torino: Unione Tipografico Editrice Torinese, 191

* * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Guglielmini, Domenico 1655 births 1710 deaths 17th-century Italian mathematicians 17th-century Italian physicians 17th-century Italian astronomers Fellows of the Royal Society 18th-century Italian astronomers University of Bologna alumni Academic staff of the University of Bologna