Dolyna Raion
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Dolyna Raion () was a
raion A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
(administrative district) of
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna () or simply Frankivshchyna, is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a pop ...
of
Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...
. The city of
Dolyna Dolyna (, ; ; ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, city in Kalush Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, south-western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Dolyna urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Population: In 2001, population was around ...
was the administrative center of the raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Oblast to six. The area of Dolyna Raion was merged into
Kalush Raion Kalush Raion () is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province). The city of Kalush is the administrative center of the raion. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ivan ...
. The last estimate of the raion population was . The raion was located in the historical land of
Boyko The Boykos or Boikos (; ; ; ), or simply Highlanders (; ), are an ethnolinguistic group located in the Carpathian Mountains of Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland. Along with the neighbouring Lemkos and Hutsuls, the Boykos are a regional subg ...
people. At the time of disestablishment, the raion consisted of three
hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...
s: *
Dolyna urban hromada Dolyna urban hromada () is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kalush Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The administrative center is the city of Dolyna. Settlements The hromada consists of 1 city (Dolyna Dolyna (, ; ; ) is a List of cities in Ukraine, ci ...
with the administration in Dolyna; * Vyhoda settlement hromada with the administration in the
urban-type settlement Urban-type settlement, abbreviated: ; , abbreviated: ; ; ; ; . is an official designation for lesser urbanized settlements, used in several Central and Eastern Europe, Central and Eastern European countries. The term was primarily used in the So ...
of Vyhoda; *
Vytvytsia rural hromada Vytvytsia rural hromada () is a hromada in Ukraine, in Kalush Raion of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. The administrative center is the village of Vytvytsia. Settlements The hromada consists of 9 villages: References

{{Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 2 ...
with the administration in the selo of
Vytvytsia Vytvytsia (; ) is a village in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine, in Kalush Raion. It is the administrative centre of Vytvytsia rural hromada. Its population is 1,255 (). History Vytvytsia was first mentioned in 1397, in a document by Władys ...
.


History

The history of Dolyna Raion, located in the Valley of
Prykarpattia Prykarpattia () is a Ukrainian term for Ciscarpathia, a physical geographical region for the northeastern Carpathian foothills.Vortman, D. Prykarpattia (ПРИКАРПАТТЯ)'. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine. Located at the outer foot of ...
, dates back to the medieval times when the Ascension Monastery was built in the area and monks started chronicling the region in 1112. The City of Dolyna was granted
Magdeburg rights Magdeburg rights (, , ; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages gr ...
in 1525. One of the oldest settlements in the district, Goshiv, was established in 1469. In the 18th century, a rebellion against lords, led by the opryshkas, a mobile group of mountain population, broke out in the region. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was divided in 1772 and the Valley was occupied by the Austrian army. The town was later governed by Vaclav Zhevusky, a Polish headman, who was accused of mistreating the population by the townspeople in 1781. The Austrian administration then took direct control of the city. In 1791, the Valley lost its old privileges and the title of "Free Royal City". In 1848, the lordship was completely abolished in Galicia, a significant event in the region's history. The Russian army occupied Galicia on August 21, 1914, and the Valley was captured by the Russians on September 8. On December 3, 1920, Dolyna County was included in the Stanislav Voivodeship of the
Republic of Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...
. In 1940, Dolyna District was formed from three components of Dolyna County, including the city of Dolyna and the communes of Rakhin and Broshniv. In 1949, the underground of the OUN was most active in the villages of Trostyanets and Krekhovychi, according to the data of the regional administration of the MGB. Vyhodsky District was added to Dolyna District in 1957 and in 1962, the district was included in the Kalusa Industrial District. However, by 1965, Dolyna District was formed again.


Geography

The Dolyna Raion is located in the northwestern part of the Ivano-Frankivsk region in western Ukraine. It is a part of the Carpathian Mountains and is known for its rich natural resources. The district has a total area of 1.25 thousand km², with the district center located in the town of Dolyna, which is 58 km from the regional center. The district has been a part of the administrative-territorial division of Ukraine since 1939 and borders the Lviv, Transcarpathian, Rozhnytiv, and Kalush districts of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The natural resources of the region include oil, associated gas, salt, sulfur, iron ore, manganese, menilitic shale, brick clay, gravel and pebble deposits, and Carpathian sandstones. The area is also rich in peat deposits, with a deposit being developed in the village of Obolonya. There are also deposits of hydro-mineral resources on the territory of the district, some of which are used for the production of drinking and medical water.


Climate

The climate in the region is characterized by moderate continental, humid conditions with cool summers and mild winters. The average length of the frost-free period is 155-160 days, and the growing season lasts 205-215 days. Spring frosts typically end in the third decade of April, while autumn frosts usually begin in the third decade of September. The region is divided into two distinct climatic zones based on the conditions of heat and moisture supply and the unique distribution of other meteorological factors. The first zone is excessively humid and moderately warm and is located in the foothills of the district. The second zone is also excessively humid and covers the mountainous part of the district. This zone is further divided into two vertical subdivisions, the first being moderately warm in the mountain valleys, the second being cool (up to 1000 m) and cold (above 1000 m).


Natural resources

The region is also well-endowed with a range of natural minerals. The presence of oil and gas make it an important area for energy production, while salt, sulfur, and other minerals like iron ore and manganese are valuable resources for various industrial purposes. The menilitic shale, brick clay, and gravel and pebble deposits can be used for construction and road building. The Carpathian sandstones, known for their durability and beauty, are often used for architectural and decorative purposes. The area also has substantial peat deposits, which are an important source of fuel and can be used for horticulture and agriculture. The presence of peat deposits in the villages of Obolonya and Knyazhaluka indicate the potential for future extraction and development. Finally, the district is home to hydro-mineral resources, which are crucial for the production of drinking and medical water. These resources are carefully managed to ensure their sustainability and availability for future generations.


Hydrology

The Dolynsky District is rich in water resources, with the largest river being the Svicha River that originates from the Vyshkiv Gorges ridge at an altitude of 1155 meters and has a total length of 167 kilometers. The Myzunka River, which is 51 kilometers long, is the second largest and drains into the Svicha River. Additionally, the Luzhanka River, which is 29 kilometers long, flows through the district. Other notable rivers in the area include the Turyanka River, the Sivka River (a tributary of the Dniester), and the Sadzhavka River. These rivers are characterized by their mountain-type nature, with an unstable water level regime that can rise to 3-4 meters. The Dolynsky District is home to picturesque waterfalls such as the Mizunsky, Pravych, Gurkalo Luzhanskyi, and Gurkalo Lypivskyi waterfalls. While there are no large natural lakes in the area, one of the largest is the Dolyn Lake, which covers an area of 25 hectares and has an average depth of 2.5 meters and water reserves of approximately 600,000 cubic meters. There are also numerous artificial reservoirs, ponds, and lakes in the area that are primarily used for recreational purposes, with very little commercial fish being grown.


Wildlife and vegetation

The forests in the district occupy a large area, and are managed by the Vyhoda State Forestry Enterprise and the Dolyna Specialized Inter-Economic Forestry Enterprise. These organizations are responsible for organizing the cutting of trees for primary use and for sanitary purposes. The Carpathian mountain forests are abundant with natural berries such as strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, and lingonberries. The forests are also home to a diverse range of wildlife, including deer, bears, roe deer, lynx, martens, and more.


Demography


National composition

National Demographic Breakdown Based on 2001 Census Data:


Linguistic Demarcation


References


External links


Website of the District Administration

Website of the District Council
{{Authority control Former raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast 1940 establishments in Ukraine Ukrainian raions abolished during the 2020 administrative reform