Dolyna (, ; ; ) is a

city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, there is no universally agree ...

Kalush Raion Kalush Raion () is a raion (district) of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (province). The city of Kalush is the administrative center of the raion. Population: On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Ivan ...

Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (), also referred to as Ivano-Frankivshchyna () or simply Frankivshchyna, is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (region) in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is the city of Ivano-Frankivsk. It has a pop ...

, south-western

Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the List of European countries by area, second-largest country in Europe after Russia, which Russia–Ukraine border, borders it to the east and northeast. Ukraine also borders Belarus to the nor ...

. It hosts the administration of Dolyna urban hromada, one of the

hromada In Ukraine, a hromada () is the main type of municipality and the third level Administrative divisions of Ukraine, local self-government in Ukraine. The current hromadas were established by the Cabinet of ministers of Ukraine, Government of Uk ...

s of Ukraine. Population: In 2001, population was around 20,900.

History

The city's history reaches the 10th century, making it one of oldest in the region. By the 14th century Dolyna became renowned for its salt mine. In 1349 the city came under the rule of the

Kingdom of Poland The Kingdom of Poland (; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a monarchy in Central Europe during the Middle Ages, medieval period from 1025 until 1385. Background The West Slavs, West Slavic tribe of Polans (western), Polans who lived in what i ...

, where it remained until 1772 (see

Partitions of Poland The Partitions of Poland were three partition (politics), partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place between 1772 and 1795, toward the end of the 18th century. They ended the existence of the state, resulting in the eli ...

). In 1525 Dolyna, or Dolina, as it is called in Polish, was granted city rights under the

Magdeburg law Magdeburg rights (, , ; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages gr ...

and the right to trade salt similar to that of

Kolomyia Kolomyia (, ), formerly known as Kolomea, is a city located on the Prut, Prut River in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast in the west of Ukraine. It serves as the administrative centre of Kolomyia Raion, hosting the administration of Kolomyia urban hromada ...

. In 1740 in the city there was a riot of '' opryshky'' (Ukrainian rebels). Dolina - Dworzec kolejowy - Bahnhof

In 1772 the city fell to Austrians and in 1791 it lost its status. During the second half of the 19th century a segment of the Archduke Albrecht Railway linking

Stryi Stryi (, ; ) is a city in Lviv Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located in the left bank of the Stryi (river), Stryi River, approximately south of Lviv in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains. It serves as the administrative center of Stryi R ...

with Stanislaviv was led through the city, later becoming a part of the Galician Transversal Railway. By the end of the 19th century big fires destroyed the town completely. The first decade of the new century was dedicated to the revival of the town. After the collapse of

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

, reborn Polish and Ukrainian states struggled for control over Dolyna in a fratricidal war won by Poles (see Polish-Ukrainian War). In the

Second Polish Republic The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I ...

, the town, with population of almost 10,000, belonged to the

Stanisławów Voivodeship Stanisławów Voivodeship () was an administrative district of the interwar Poland (1920–1939). It was established in December 1920 with an administrative center in Stanisławów. The voivodeship had an area of 16,900 km2 and comprised twe ...

and was the capital of the Dolina County. Neighboring villages were inhabited by

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

settlers, who came there in the times of

Joseph II Joseph II (13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor F ...

. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

the city was occupied by the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

(September 1939 - June 1941), Hungary (July 1941), and Germany (August 1941 – 1944). During the German occupation, the Jewish population of Dolyna was murdered with only a few survivors. Most were murdered in Dolyna itself, including on August 3, 1942 when German police and their Ukrainian police auxiliaries drove 3500 Jews into the market square. They shot numerous children, sent some of the able bodied to labor camps, and took the remaining 2500 to the Jewish cemetery where they were shot. After the Germans removed valuables from the bodies, they ordered locals to bury the bodies in a mass grave. Some Jews had hidden and fled to the forests to join Jewish partisan groups. However, Ukrainian policeman and the Germans hunted down those in hiding and murdered them too. After the war, Dolyna became part of the

Ukrainian SSR The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkrSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991. ...

. In the 1950s, oil deposits were discovered in the region which by 1958 produced 65% of oil extracted in the Ukrainian SSR. In the 1960s, the Dolynske oil field was the oil field that produced the largest amount of oil of the whole USSR.Dirty lands. As Kolomoisky struggles with the community for the sake of oil profits
Economichna Pravda (10 April 2018) Since 1991, Dolyna has been in independent Ukraine. Its oil field is one of the most powerful of

(

region In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as areas, zones, lands or territories, are portions of the Earth's surface that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and ...

). On December 18, 2016, the UGCC Church of St. Andrew the First-Called was blessed in Dolyna and consecrated on May 28, 2017. In 2017, at the International Mayors' Summit, the city received the Smart Cities Ukraine 2017 award in the Cleantech Solutions and Energy Efficiency category. Dolyna is the only city in Ukraine to have received the European Energy Efficiency Management Certificate. For more than 10 years, Dolyna has insulated all public sector institutions in the city, modernized street lighting, abandoned centralized heating, and converted more than 60% of large boiler houses to alternative fuels, which is the highest rate in Ukraine. The main priorities of the city are the development of tourism potential, as well as the restoration and preservation of an architectural monument of national importance - the buildings of the former saltworks of the late XIX century in the old part of Dolyna. Until 18 July 2020, Dolyna was the administrative center of Dolyna Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast to six. The area of Dolyna Raion was merged into Kalush Raion.

Population

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:

Notable People

Most prominent among the people hailing from the city was Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky, Major Archbishop of Lviv and head of the Ukrainian Church. Among other notable inhabitants of Dolyna, there is Rudolf Regner, a hero of the Polish World War II resistance. Other famous personalities associated with Dolyna are: * Stanisław Jaworski, Polish film and theatre actor *

Antoni Kępiński Antoni Ignacy Tadeusz Kępiński (16 November 1918 – 8 June 1972) was a Polish psychiatrist and philosopher. In his youth he was influenced by Carl Jung's approach. He is known as the originator of concepts like information metabolism (IM) and ...

, Polish psychiatrist and philosopher * Ivan Levynskyi, Ukrainian architect * Władysław Ogrodziński, Polish writer and journalist

Football

The city has a football club FC Naftovyk Dolyna.

Gallery

File:Dolyna Hospital Hrytsey st, 15-4.jpg, Dolyna hospital File:Dolyna Antonovycha st., 30-2.jpg, Historical building at Antonovycha Street, 30 File:Dolyna Antonovycha st., 32-2.JPG, Historical building in Dolyna at Antonovycha Street, 32 File:Dolyna Court Antonovycha st., 33-2.jpg, District court File:Dolyna Greek Catholic church Sheptyts'kogo st., 58-1.jpg, Church of the Nativity of Theotokos (Greek Catholic) File:Dolyna Catholic church Antonovycha st.-2.jpg, Church of the Nativity of Anne-Mary (Roman Catholic) File:Dolyna Gymnasium Pachovs'kogo st., 3-7.jpg, Gymnasium File:Dolyna Fellowship Falcon Pachovs'kogo st., 8-2.jpg, "Sokil" fellowship building File:Dolyna Former synagogue-3.jpg, Former synagogue

Twin towns – sister cities

Dolyna is twinned with: *

Grodzisk Wielkopolski Grodzisk Wielkopolski is a town in western Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship (Wielkopolskie), with a population of 13,703 (2006). It is south-west of Poznań, the voivodeship capital. It is the seat of Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, and also o ...

, Poland *

Montigny-le-Bretonneux Montigny-le-Bretonneux () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris, in the " new town" of Saint-Quentin-en-Yveli ...

, France *

Niemodlin Niemodlin (; ) is a town in Opole County, Opole Voivodeship, Poland, with 6,315 inhabitants (2019). History The community was first mentioned as ''Nemodlin'' in a 1224 deed and received town privileges in 1283. The German place-name ''Falkenberg ...

, Poland *

Nowa Sarzyna Nowa Sarzyna (; ) is a town in Poland, with 5,970 inhabitants as of 2017. The first buildings of Nowa Sarzyna were constructed in the late 1930s to house workers of a new chemical plant, built as part of Poland's Central Industrial Region. The ...

, Poland *

Orhei Orhei (), also formerly known as Orgeev (), is a city, municipality and the administrative centre of Orhei District in the Moldova, Republic of Moldova, with a population of 21,065. Orhei is approximately north of the capital, Chișinău. Hist ...

, Moldova * Prairie Village, United States *

Rubizhne Rubizhne (, ; , ) is a city in Luhansk Oblast, in the Donbas region of eastern Ukraine. Situated on the left bank of the Donets River near the cities of Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk. Prior to 2020, it was a city of oblast significance, befor ...

, Ukraine *

Zviahel Zviahel (, ; ) is a city A city is a human settlement of a substantial size. The term "city" has different meanings around the world and in some places the settlement can be very small. Even where the term is limited to larger settlements, ...

, Ukraine

Location

;Local orientation ;Regional orientation

History

Population

Language

Notable People

Football

Gallery

Twin towns – sister cities

Location

References

External links