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Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic mono terpenoid. Both
enantiomer In chemistry, an enantiomer ( /ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''; from Ancient Greek ἐνάντιος ''(enántios)'' 'opposite', and μέρος ''(méros)'' 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical ant ...
s occur in nature. (+)-Citronellol, which is found in citronella oils, including ''
Cymbopogon nardus ''Cymbopogon nardus'', common name citronella grass, is a species of perennial aromatic plant from the family Poaceae, originating in tropical Asia. It is the source of an essential oil known as citronella oil, which is widely used for its natu ...
'' (50%), is the more common isomer. (−)-Citronellol is widespread, but particularly abundant in the oils of rose (18–55%) and ''
Pelargonium ''Pelargonium'' () is a genus of flowering plants that includes about 280 species of perennials, succulents, and shrubs, commonly called geraniums, pelargoniums, or storksbills. '' Geranium'' is also the botanical name and common name of a separ ...
'' geraniums.


Preparation

Several million kilograms of citronellol are produced annually. It is mainly obtained by hydrogenation of geraniol or nerol over copper chromite catalyst. Homogeneous catalysts are used for the production of enantiomers. Citronellene is also a precursor.


Uses

Citronellol is used in perfumes and as a fragrance in cleaning products. In many applications, one of the enantiomers is preferred. It is a component of citronella oil, an insect repellant. Citronellol is used as a raw material for the production of rose oxide. It is also a precursor to many commercial and potential fragrances such as citronellol acetate, citronellyl oxyacetaldehyde, citronellyl methyl acetal, and ethyl citronellyl oxalate.


Health and safety

The United States FDA considers citronellol as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use. Citronellol is subject to restrictions on its use in perfumery, as some people may become sensitised to it, but the degree to which citronellol can cause an allergic reaction in humans is disputed. In terms of dermal safety, citronellol has been evaluated as an insect repellent.


See also

* Citronellal * Geraniol * Rhodinol * '' Pelargonium graveolens'' * Perfume intolerance (allergy)


References

{{Reflist Perfume ingredients Flavors Monoterpenes Alkenols