cacti
A cactus (, or less commonly, cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae, a family comprising about 127 genera with some 1750 known species of the order Caryophyllales. The word ''cactus'' derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek ...
Caribbean
The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...
and northern South America. It should not be confused with ''
Discocactus
''Discocactus'' is a genus of Tropics, tropical cactus, cacti. The name comes from the ancient Greek ' (=disc) because of its shape. ''Discocactus'' plants are endemic to southern Brazil, eastern Bolivia, and northern Paraguay. These species ar ...
'', which is a different genus.
Species of ''Disocactus'' grow in tropical regions either on trees as
epiphyte
An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphytes grow are called phoroph ...
s or on rocks as lithophytes. They have two distinct growth habits. Species such as '' D. phyllanthoides'' have stems which are round at the base but then become flattened and leaflike.
Many of the cultivated plants known as epiphyllum hybrids or just epiphyllums are derived from crosses between species of ''Disocactus'' (rather than '' Epiphyllum'') and other genera in the Hylocereeae., p. 286
Description
The species of the genus ''Disocactus'' grow as epiphytes or lithophytes and are shrubby, profusely branched, hanging, up to 3 m long. The shoots are ribbed or flattened, 3-angled or flattened, ribbon-like, 3–10 mm wide, remotely crenate and leaf-like. The main shoot, which rotates near the base, is only flattened at the top, while the side shoots are completely flattened. The thorns on the areoles are bare or with white wool and bristles 4–9 mm long.
The large flowers open during the day, appearing singly or rarely in groups from an areole. They are of different shapes and sizes, 10–15 cm long. The flowers are funnel-shaped or tubular, sometimes zygomorphic and rarely wheel-shaped, receptacular tube curved, embraced by foliaceous scales or 1–few bristles 3–5 mm long. They are bright red, orange, slightly reddish pinkish-orange, light yellow in color, or white. The stamens are often in two rows, with the upper ones sometimes forming a clear throat circle. The sepaloid parts of perianth are 10–30 mm long and 3–7 mm wide, yellow-green; the petaloid parts are 6–8 cm long and 1.5–2 cm wide, orange, reddish at base. The stamens are asymmetrically grouped along the lower side of the throat of the perianth; the style is exserted, 9–13 cm long with 8–9 stigma lobes.
Berry-like ellipsoid fruits are formed that are 7 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, almost bare or covered with a few small scales. They contain broad ovate seeds 1.5 to 2.4 millimeters long and 1 to 1.7 millimeters wide. The seeds are brown-black to almost black and are shiny or, more rarely, somewhat dull.
Taxonomy
''
Pseudorhipsalis
''Pseudorhipsalis'' is genus of cacti. This genus is often included in ''Disocactus''. It is epiphytic, many branched, and elongated with flattened, serrated cladodes. In its early life, it stands erect, but soon becomes prostrate. It produces n ...
'' is sometimes included in ''Disocactus'', but it is kept separate by the International Cactaceae Systematics Group. '' Aporocactus'' is formerly included in ''Disocactus'', but it should be a genus on its own according to molecular evidence.
Species
,
Plants of the World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by ...
accepted the following species:
Synonymy
The boundaries of the genera in the tribe Hylocereeae have been subject to considerable change and uncertainty, which is reflected in the number of names which have been used for ''Disocactus'':
*''Bonifazia''
Standl.
Paul Carpenter Standley (March 21, 1884 – June 2, 1963) was an American botanist known for his work on neotropical plants.
__TOC__
Standley was born on March 21, 1884 in Avalon, Missouri. He attended Drury College in Springfield, Missouri an ...
&
Steyerm.
Julian Alfred Steyermark (January 27, 1909 – October 15, 1988) was a Venezuelan American botanist. His focus was on New World vegetation, and he specialized in the family Rubiaceae.
Life and work
Julian Alfred Steyermark was born in St. Louis, ...
*''Chiapasia'' Britton & Rose
*''Heliocereus'' (A.Berger) Britton & Rose
*''Lobeira'' Alexander
*''Nopalxochia'' Britton & Rose
*''Pseudonopalxochia''
Backeb. Curt Backeberg (2 August 1894 in Lüneburg, Germany – 14 January 1966) was a German horticulturist especially known for the collection and classification of cactus, cacti.
Biography
He travelled extensively through Central and South America, an ...