Directly struck membranophones is one of the sub-categories of musical instruments found in the Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification. The type of

membranophone A membranophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a acoustic membrane, vibrating stretched membrane. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument ...

s or

drum The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a ...

s found in this group are those instruments that produce sound when struck directly by the performer. The membrane of these drums is hit with a stick, the hand, or something else. Drums that produce sound by means of plucking an attached string or by means of friction are grouped in a different category. 211.1 Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped ( kettle drums) 211.11 Single instruments 211.12 Sets of instruments 211.2 Instruments in which the body is tubular ( tubular drums) 211.21 Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (

cylindrical drum Cylindrical drums are a category of drum instruments that include a wide range of implementations, including the bass drum and the Iranian '' dohol''. Cylindrical drums are generally two-headed and straight-sided, and sometimes use a buzzing, per ...

s) 211.211 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.211.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.211.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.212 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.212.1 Single instruments 211.212.2 Sets of instruments 211.22 Instruments in which the body is barrel-shaped (

barrel drum Barrel drums are a class of membranophone, or drum, characterized by a barrel-shape with a bulge in the middle. They can be one-headed and open at the bottom, or two-headed at opposite ends. Examples include the Vietnamese ''trong chau'' and the ...

s) 211.221 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.221.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.221.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.222 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.222.1 Single instruments 211.222.2 Sets of instruments 211.23 Instruments in which the body is double-conical 211.231 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.231.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.231.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.232 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.232.1 Single instruments 211.232.2 Sets of instruments 211.24 Instruments in which the body is hourglass-shaped 211.241 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.241.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.241.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.242 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.242.1 Single instruments 211.242.2 Sets of instruments 211.25 Instruments in which the body is conical-shaped (

conical drum Conical drums are a class of membranophone, or drum The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel–Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, cal ...

s) 211.251 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.251.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.251.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.252 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.252.1 Single instruments 211.252.2 Sets of instruments 211.26 Instruments in which the body is goblet-shaped (

goblet drum The goblet drum (also chalice drum, tarabuka, tarabaki, darbuka, darabuka, derbake, debuka, doumbek, dumbec, dumbeg, dumbelek, toumperleki, tumbak, or zerbaghali; / Romanized: ) is a single-head membranophone with a goblet-shaped body. It is ...

s) 211.261 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.261.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open 211.261.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed 211.262 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.262.1 Single instruments 211.262.2 Sets of instruments 211.3 Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane (

frame drum A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments, and perhaps the first drum to be invented. It has a single drumhead that is usually made of rawhide, but man-made mat ...

s) 211.31 Instruments which do not have a handle 211.311 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.312 Instruments which have two usable membranes 211.32 Instruments which have a handle 211.321 Instruments which have only one usable membrane 211.322 Instruments which have two usable membranes

References

* http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/textm/Membranophone.html * http://www.wesleyan.edu/vim/svh.html * http://www.thedrummerslounge.com/Encyclopedia_Membranphones_1.htm {{Membranophones Lists of percussion instruments Lists of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number