Dirck Crabeth
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Dirk (or Dirck) Pietersz Crabeth (1501 – 1574) was a
Dutch Dutch or Nederlands commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands ** Dutch people as an ethnic group () ** Dutch nationality law, history and regulations of Dutch citizenship () ** Dutch language () * In specific terms, i ...
Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) is a Periodization, period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by an effort to revive and sur ...
glass painter, tapestry designer, and mapmaker. He was employed by the
Janskerk (Gouda) The Sint Janskerk in Gouda, the Netherlands, is a large Gothic church, known especially for its stained glass windows, for which it has been placed on the list of the top 100 Dutch monuments. History The church is dedicated to John the Baptis ...
during the 16th century, where he created eight of the stained glass windows during the years 1555–1571. His windows are one of the reasons that the church was placed on the
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...
list of monuments.


Biography

He and his talented brother
Wouter Crabeth I Wouter Pietersz Crabeth (1510–1590) was a Dutch Renaissance glass painter. He was employed by the Sint Janskerk (Gouda) during the Protestant Reformation, where he created six of the stained glass windows during the years 1555 to 1571. His win ...
were the sons of Pieter Dirckz of Gouda.Bio sketch on Dirk
in
Rijksmuseum The Rijksmuseum () is the national museum of the Netherlands dedicated to Dutch arts and history and is located in Amsterdam. The museum is located at the Museum Square in the borough of Amsterdam South, close to the Van Gogh Museum, the S ...
Amsterdam They came from a painting family that was employed in the glass industry of Gouda. Archival evidence survives today showing orders of glass panes from various Netherlands towns. Dirk's fame began when he won a commission to make a glass pane for the Janskerk after the fire there in 1552. Dirk's first glass depicting St. John the Baptist baptising Jesus, was installed in 1555. In his designs, he appears to have been influenced by
Jan van Scorel Jan van Scorel (1 August 1495 – 6 December 1562) was a Dutch painter, who played a leading role in introducing aspects of Italian Renaissance painting into Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting. He was one of the early painters of the Roman ...
. Many of Crabeth's original cartoons for the windows of Janskerk have survived.Vidimus,
Dirck Crabeth
'', Issue 20 (accessed 26 Aug 2012) In addition to painting and working with glass, he was a tapestry designer and mapmaker.


Dirk's stained glass windows in the Janskerk of Gouda

File:Fragment glas 7 van de St. Janskerk te Gouda - Het laatste avondmaal; maker Dirk Crabeth 1557.jpg,
The Last Supper Image:The Last Supper - Leonardo Da Vinci - High Resolution 32x16.jpg, 400px, alt=''The Last Supper'' by Leonardo da Vinci - Clickable Image, '' The Last Supper'' (1495-1498). Mural, tempera on gesso, pitch and mastic, 700 x 880 cm (22.9 x 28.8 ...
- glass 7 (middle detail) (1557) File:Tempelreiniging.jpg,
Jesus and the money changers In all four canonical gospels of the Christian New Testament, the cleansing of the Temple narrative tells of Jesus expelling the merchants and the money changers from the Temple in Jerusalem. The scene is a common motif in Christian art. In thi ...
- glass 22 (middle detail) (1557) File:Glas in lood - Jona en de walvis.jpg,
Jonah and the whale Jonah the son of Amittai or Jonas ( , ) is a Jewish prophet from Gath-hepher in the Northern Kingdom of Israel around the 8th century BCE according to the Hebrew Bible. He is the central figure of the Book of Jonah, one of the minor prophets, ...
- glass 30 (ca.1565) File:Dirk Crabeth - Judith with the head of Holofernes 2 adjusted.JPG, Judith with the head of
Holofernes Holofernes (; ) was an invading Assyrian general in the Book of Judith, who was beheaded by Judith, who entered his camp and decapitated him while he was intoxicated. Etymology The name 'Holofernes' is derived from the Old Persian name , meanin ...
(1571) File:Dirk Crabeth - Judith met het hoofd van Holofernes.jpg, Detail of Judith and her maid


Legacy

The stained glass windows of Gouda are famous, but this is not only for their beauty. It remains a mystery today why these stained glass windows survived the
Beeldenstorm ''Beeldenstorm'' () in Dutch and ''Bildersturm'' in German (roughly translatable from both languages as 'attack on the images or statues') are terms used for outbreaks of destruction of religious images that occurred in Europe in the 16th centu ...
and why Dirk and his brother were allowed to continue their work after the changeover from a Catholic church to a Protestant one. The church has windows from both of the enemies
Philip II of Spain Philip II (21 May 152713 September 1598), sometimes known in Spain as Philip the Prudent (), was King of Spain from 1556, King of Portugal from 1580, and King of Naples and List of Sicilian monarchs, Sicily from 1554 until his death in 1598. He ...
and
William the Silent William the Silent or William the Taciturn (; 24 April 153310 July 1584), more commonly known in the Netherlands as William of Orange (), was the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburg Netherlands, Habsburgs that set off the ...
. Dirk Crabeth also made 7 windows for the chapel of an order of monks from Stein, South Holland, noted as the Augustinian monastery where
Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( ; ; 28 October c. 1466 – 12 July 1536), commonly known in English as Erasmus of Rotterdam or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Christian humanist, Catholic priest and Catholic theology, theologian, educationalist ...
went to school. When their monastery in ''Steyn'' burned in 1549, they moved to a former convent in Gouda in 1551. There they ordered windows for the restoration of the chapel of that convent. These windows were rescued during the iconoclastic fury and when the convent complex was torn down in 1580, the windows were temporarily installed afterwards in the Janskerk church. In a painting from 1734 this situation can still be seen. Much later still, they were installed in a specially built ''van der Vorm'' chapel in the St Janskerk, donated by Willem van der Vorm, the wealthy founder of the
Holland America Line Holland America Line N.V. (HAL) is an American cruise line operating as a subsidiary of Carnival Corporation & plc. Founded in 1873 in Rotterdam, Netherlands as the Netherlands-America Steamship Company (NASM), the company operated regular trans ...
, in 1934. Houbraken wrote two pages about the brothers Dirk and Wouter Crabeth in his ''Schouburg'' (1718), since he was surprised they were overlooked in
Karel van Mander Karel van Mander (I) or Carel van Mander IKarel van Mander
at the Netherlands Institute for Art History ...
's ''
Schilder-boeck or is a book written by the Flemish writer and painter Karel van Mander first published in 1604 in Haarlem in the Dutch Republic, where van Mander resided. The book is written in 17th-century Dutch and its title is commonly translated into En ...
'', who only mentioned their brother
Adriaen Pietersz Crabeth Adriaen Pietersz Crabeth (1510 —1553) was a Renaissance glass painter from the Habsburg Netherlands. Life Crabeth was born in Gouda, South Holland, Gouda. According to Karel van Mander, he had been the pupil of the glass painter Jan Swart van ...
. In his biographical sketch, he wrote that Gouda had a busy glass painting industry that spanned several generations.


See also

*
Stained glass Stained glass refers to coloured glass as a material or art and architectural works created from it. Although it is traditionally made in flat panels and used as windows, the creations of modern stained glass artists also include three-dimensio ...
*
Medieval stained glass Medieval stained glass is the colored and painted glass of Middle Ages, medieval Europe from the 10th century to the 16th century. For much of this period stained glass windows were the major pictorial art form, particularly in France in the Middl ...
* Arnold of Nijmegen *
Wouter Crabeth I Wouter Pietersz Crabeth (1510–1590) was a Dutch Renaissance glass painter. He was employed by the Sint Janskerk (Gouda) during the Protestant Reformation, where he created six of the stained glass windows during the years 1555 to 1571. His win ...
* Wouter Crabeth II


References


External links


Website of the St. Janskerk in Gouda with windows online
{{DEFAULTSORT:Crabeth, Dirk Van 1501 births 1574 deaths Dutch Renaissance painters Artists from Gouda, South Holland Artists from South Holland Dutch stained glass artists and manufacturers Dutch tapestry artists Sibling artists Dutch Roman Catholics nl:Dirck en Wouter Crabeth