Dipak Kalra (born 18 July 1959,

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

, UK) is

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

of the European Institute for Health Records and of the European Institute for Innovation through Health Data. He undertakes international

research Research is creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge. It involves the collection, organization, and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to ...

and

standards Standard may refer to: Symbols * Colours, standards and guidons, kinds of military signs * Standard (emblem), a type of a large symbol or emblem used for identification Norms, conventions or requirements * Standard (metrology), an object t ...

development, and advises on adoption strategies, relating to

Electronic Health Records An electronic health record (EHR) is the systematized collection of electronically stored patient and population health information in a digital format. These records can be shared across different health care settings. Records are shared thro ...

Education

Dipak Kalra studied

medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...

Guy's Hospital Guy's Hospital is an NHS hospital founded by philanthropist Thomas Guy in 1721, located in the borough of Southwark in central London. It is part of Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and one of the institutions that comprise the Kin ...

in London, and specialized in

General Practice General practice is personal, family, and community-orientated comprehensive primary care that includes diagnosis, continues over time and is anticipatory as well as responsive. Definitions A general practitioner (GP) is a doctor who is a consu ...

. He is a

Fellow A fellow is a title and form of address for distinguished, learned, or skilled individuals in academia, medicine, research, and industry. The exact meaning of the term differs in each field. In learned society, learned or professional society, p ...

of the

Royal College of General Practitioners The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) is the professional body for general (medical) practitioners (GPs/ Family Physicians/ Primary Care Physicians) in the United Kingdom. The RCGP represents and supports GPs on key issues including ...

. He worked as a London GP for a decade before specializing in Health Informatics. He obtained a PhD in Health Informatics in 2003 and is a Fellow of the

British Computer Society image:Maurice Vincent Wilkes 1980 (3).jpg, Sir Maurice Wilkes served as the first President of BCS in 1957. The British Computer Society (BCS), branded BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT, since 2009, is a professional body and a learned ...

Career

Kalra plays a leading international role in

research and development Research and development (R&D or R+D), known in some countries as OKB, experiment and design, is the set of innovative activities undertaken by corporations or governments in developing new services or products. R&D constitutes the first stage ...

of Electronic Health Record architectures and systems, including the requirements and models needed to ensure the robust long-term preservation of clinical meaning and protection of

privacy Privacy (, ) is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively. The domain of privacy partially overlaps with security, which can include the concepts of a ...

. He leads the development of CEN (

European Committee for Standardization The European Committee for Standardization (CEN, ) is a public standards organization whose mission is to foster the economy of the European Single Market and the wider European continent in global trading, the welfare of European citizens an ...

) and ISO (

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ; ; ) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. M ...

) standards on EHR

interoperability Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system to work with other products or systems. While the term was initially defined for information technology or systems engineering services to allow for information exchange, a broader de ...

personal health record A personal health record (PHR) is a health record where health data and other information related to the care of a patient is maintained by the patient. This stands in contrast to the more widely used electronic medical record (EMR), which is oper ...

s, EHR requirements, and has contributed to several EHR security and confidentiality standards. He has led multiple European projects in these areas, including Horizon 2020 and the IMI programme alongside pharma companies, hospitals and ICT companies. He recently co-led a €16m project on the re-use of EHR information for

clinical research Clinical research is a branch of medical research that involves people and aims to determine the effectiveness (efficacy) and safety of medications, devices, diagnostic products, and treatment regimens intended for improving human health. The ...

, EHR4CR, alongside ten global pharma. He is a partner in another IMI project, EMIF, on the development of a European clinical research platform federating multiple population health and

cohort studies A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing ...

. Dipak also led an EU

Network of Excellence The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the Europe ...

semantic interoperability Semantic interoperability is the ability of computer systems to exchange data with unambiguous, shared meaning. Semantic interoperability is a requirement to enable machine computable Logic in computer science, logic, inferencing, knowledge discove ...

, and is a partner in other EU projects on the sustainability of interoperability assets, the transatlantic sharing of patient summaries and quality labelling. Dipak is President of the European Institute for Innovation through Health Data (www.i-HD.eu), which seeks to drive best practices in the trustworthy use of high quality and interoperable health data by all stakeholders, for optimising health and knowledge discovery. He is also President of the European Institute for Health Records ( EuroRec), which is the coordinator or a partner in many EC projects on electronic health record quality and systems

accreditation Accreditation is the independent, third-party evaluation of a conformity assessment body (such as certification body, inspection body or laboratory) against recognised standards, conveying formal demonstration of its impartiality and competence to ...

, interoperability and the uses of health data for research. EuroRec leads a network of national

ProRec The ProRec initiative of 1996 was a network of national non-profit organisations (the "ProRec centres"). The initiative was a consequence of the conclusions of the Concerted Action MEDIREC (1994-1995) regarding the reasons why Electronic Health Reco ...

Centres which promote good quality EHR system adoption across

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

. Dipak Kalra is

Professor Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an Academy, academic rank at university, universities and other tertiary education, post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, ''professor'' derives from Latin ...

Health Informatics Health informatics combines communications, information technology (IT), and health care to enhance patient care and is at the forefront of the medical technological revolution. It can be viewed as a branch of engineering and applied science. ...

University College London University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ...

and Visiting Professor of Health Informatics at

Ghent University Ghent University (, abbreviated as UGent) is a Public university, public research university located in Ghent, in the East Flanders province of Belgium. Located in Flanders, Ghent University is the second largest Belgian university, consisting o ...

. Dipak is a member of multiple standards bodies including

BSI Group The British Standards Institution (BSI) is the national standards body of the United Kingdom. BSI produces technical standards on a wide range of products and services and also supplies standards certification services for business and person ...

, CEN, ISO and HL7-UK ( International HL7 Implementations). Dipak was a founding Director of the

openEHR openEHR is an open standard specification in health informatics that describes the management and storage, retrieval and exchange of health data in electronic health records (EHRs). In openEHR, all health data for a person is stored in a "one lifet ...

Foundation, a

not-for-profit A not-for-profit or non-for-profit organization (NFPO) is a Legal Entity, legal entity that does not distribute surplus funds to its members and is formed to fulfill specific objectives. While not-for-profit organizations and Nonprofit organ ...

company which exists to promote and publish, via the

Web Web most often refers to: * Spider web, a silken structure created by the animal * World Wide Web or the Web, an Internet-based hypertext system Web, WEB, or the Web may also refer to: Computing * WEB, a literate programming system created by ...

, the formal specification of requirements for electronic health record information, supporting development of open specifications for health information systems. Dipak's innovations in EHR architectures have been spun out into a company: Helicon Health, providing

cardiovascular In vertebrates, the circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the body. It includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart a ...

chronic disease A chronic condition (also known as chronic disease or chronic illness) is a health condition or disease that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects or a disease that comes with time. The term ''chronic'' is often applied when the ...

management services across London.

Positions held

* President, the EuroRec Institute * President, the European Institute for Innovation through Health Data * Professor of Health Informatics, Centre for Health Informatics and Multi-professional Education (CHIME), University College London, UK * Visiting Professor,

, Belgium * Honorary Senior Academic General Practitioner, The Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, London * Director, the openEHR Foundation * Consultant and advisor on semantic interoperability, to the

European Commission The European Commission (EC) is the primary Executive (government), executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government, with a number of European Commissioner, members of the Commission (directorial system, informall ...

English National Health Service The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in England, and one of the four National Health Service systems in the United Kingdom. It is the second largest single-payer healthcare system in the world after the ...

, Ministry of Health in Singapore and Ministry of Health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Research projects

* EMIF – 2013-2018 €56m This project, sponsored through the Innovative Medicines Initiative, comprises almost 50

academic An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of tertiary education. The name traces back to Plato's school of philosophy, founded approximately 386 BC at Akademia, a sanctuary of Athena, the go ...

partners and a dozen Pharma partners, developing a generic platform to provide harmonised views across multiple population health (cohort) data sets across Europe and geographically proximal EHR systems. The two initial clinical research areas are

dementia Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that affects a person's ability to perform activities of daily living, everyday activities. This typically invo ...

and

metabolic Metabolism (, from ''metabolē'', "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the ...

disorders. Dipak leads work packages on semantic interoperability and

ethics Ethics is the philosophy, philosophical study of Morality, moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates Normativity, normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches inclu ...

, and is a member of the

business modeling Business process modeling (BPM) is the action of capturing and representing processes of an enterprise (i.e. modeling them), so that the current business processes may be analyzed, applied securely and consistently, improved, and automated. BP ...

task force. * Electronic Health Records for Clinical Research (EHR4CR) – 2011-2016 €16m This public-private research project, involving 35 partners from academia and 10 Pharma companies. EHR4CR is developing a platform to support remote querying of hospital electronic health records in order to enable more efficient feasibility assessment, recruitment and conduct of

clinical trials Clinical trials are prospective biomedical or behavioral research studies on human subject research, human participants designed to answer specific questions about biomedical or behavioral interventions, including new treatments (such as novel v ...

. Dipak leads the Managing Entity and co-leads two work packages on requirements and on sustainable business models. The project is now spinning out a commercial platform for European scale-up to be run by Custodix, and a not-for-profit institute that Dipak will lead: the European Institute for Innovation through Health Data. * VALUeHEALTH – 2015-2017 €1m VALUeHEALTH is establishing how eHealth interoperability can create, deliver, and capture value for all stakeholders. It will develop an

evidence-based Evidence-based practice is the idea that occupational practices ought to be based on scientific evidence. The movement towards evidence-based practices attempts to encourage and, in some instances, require professionals and other decision-makers ...

business plan for self-funding priority pan-European eHealth Services beyond 2020. It will examine the maturity of existing standards and

infrastructures Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and pri ...

, propose organisational changes and incentives, and perform

state-of-the-art The state of the art (SOTA or SotA, sometimes cutting edge, leading edge, or bleeding edge) refers to the highest level of general development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field achieved at a particular time. However, in some contex ...

Cost Benefit Assessments, and from this produce a definitive

Business Plan A business plan is a formal written document containing the goals of a business, the methods for attaining those goals, and the time-frame for the achievement of the goals. It also describes the nature of the business, background information on ...

and Strategy for taking forward public-private investment in digital eHealth services. Dipak is the co-ordinator of VALUeHEALTH. * – 2015-2017 €1m brings together the leading Standard Developing Organizations in Europe, supported by the Network and EuroRec. It will develop an evidence-based roadmap for eHealth standards alignment that is endorsed by SDOs, the eHealth Network, and key stakeholders. It will contribute to the European eHealth Interoperability Framework, focusing on clinical content modelling for different

paradigms In science and philosophy, a paradigm ( ) is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitute legitimate contributions to a field. The word ''paradigm'' is Greek ...

and embedding a

quality management Total quality management, Total Quality management (TQM), ensures that an organization, product, or service consistently performs as intended, as opposed to Quality Management, which focuses on work process and procedure standards. It has four mai ...

system for

testing and

certification Certification is part of testing, inspection and certification and the provision by an independent body of written assurance (a certificate) that the product, service or system in question meets specific requirements. It is the formal attestatio ...

of eHealth systems. Dipak leads tasks on multi-stakeholder engagement and the development of

good practice GXP may refer to: * GxP a generalization of quality guidelines * Great Plains Energy, an American utility holding company * '' Tenchi Muyo! GXP'', an anime * Giga-X-Pipe, a standard of bottom bracket on bicycles {{disambiguation ...

in clinical information modelling. * ASSESS-CT – 2015-2016 €1m ASSESS CT will contribute to better semantic interoperability of eHealth services in Europe, in order to optimise care and to minimise harm in delivery of care. The ASSESS CT project, integrating a broad range of stakeholders, will investigate the fitness of the international clinical terminology

SNOMED CT SNOMED CT or SNOMED Clinical Terms is a systematically organized computer-processable collection of medical terms providing codes, terms, synonyms and definitions used in clinical documentation and reporting. SNOMED CT is considered to be the mo ...

as a potential standard for EU-wide eHealth deployments. It will investigate Member State reasons for adoption/non adoption of SNOMED CT, lessons learned, success factors and the impact of SNOMED CT adoption from a

socio-economic Economics () is a behavioral science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analys ...

viewpoint. Dipak leads the work package to define policy guidance and make the final recommendations of the project. * SemanticHealthNet – 2012-2015 €3m Semantic interoperability of EHR systems is a vital prerequisite for enabling patient-centred care and advanced clinical and

biomedical Biomedicine (also referred to as Western medicine, mainstream medicine or conventional medicine)

research. SemanticHealthNet will develop a scalable and sustainable pan-European organisational and governance process to achieve this objective across healthcare systems and institutions. The

consortium A consortium () is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations, or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for achieving a ...

comprises 17 Partners and more than 40 internationally recognised experts, including from United States and Canada, ensuring a global impact. Dipak is the project lead. * Trillium Bridge – 2013-2015 €270k This project will design a development and adoption roadmap for sharing patient summaries between the US and the EU, with partners from both sides of

the Atlantic ''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher based in Washington, D.C. It features articles on politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 185 ...

. Trillium Bridge supports the Transatlantic eHealth/health IT Cooperation Memorandum of Understanding and Roadmap and the Digital Agenda for Europe in achieving a triple win for eHealth by establishing the foundations of an interoperability bridge to meaningfully exchange patient summaries and electronic health records among the EU and US. * EXPAND – 2014-2015 €1m EXPAND - Expanding Health Data Interoperability Services – is a Thematic Network (TN) EC project to progress towards an environment of sustainable cross border eHealth services established at EU level by the

Connecting Europe Facility The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) is a European Union fund established in 2014 for infrastructure investments (in particular the Trans-European Networks) across the union in transport, energy, digital and telecommunication projects, which aims ...

(CEF) and at national level through the deployment of suitable national infrastructures and services.

Partial bibliography

# Daniel C, Sinaci A, Ouagne D, Sadou E, Declerck G, Kalra D, Charlet J, Forsberg K, Bain L, Mead C, et al., Standard-based EHR-enabled applications for clinical research and patient safety: CDISC - IHE QRPH - EHR4CR & SALUS collaboration, AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings AMIA Summit on Translational Science, 2014, p. 19-25 # Moreno-Conde A, Moner D, Cruz WD, Santos MR, Maldonado JA, Robles M, Kalra D, Clinical information modeling processes for semantic interoperability of electronic health records: systematic review and inductive analysis, JAMIA, Mar 2015 # # De Moor G, Sundgren M, Kalra D, Schmidt A, Dugas M, Claerhout B, Karakoyun T, Ohmann C, Lastic PY, Ammour N, et al., Using electronic health records for clinical research: The case of the EHR4CR project, J Biomed Inform, Feb 2015, vol.53 p. 162-173 # Elliot MJ, Kalra D, Singleton P and Smith D, Practical Privacy Controls when Re-using Medical Data for Research, Journal of Healthcare Information Management, 2014, vol.28(4), p. 50-57 # Kalra D, Artmann J, Stroetmann V, Boye N, The eHealth Contribution to Person-Centred Care, In Rosenmoller M, Whitehouse D, Wilson P. Managing EHealth: From Vision to Reality, Palgrave Macmillan, UK

# # # # # # # # # Dugas M, Breil B, Trinczek B, Stausberg J, Kalra D, Open metadata for medical data models. Studies in health technology and informatics, 2013 Jan 192:1257 # Rodrigues JM, Schulz S, Rector A, Spackman K, Ustün B, Chute C, Della Mea V, Millar J, Brand Persson K, Kalra D, Do we need a Common Ontology between ICD 11 and SNOMED CT to ensure Seamless Re-Use and Semantic Interoperability?, Studies in health technology and informatics, 2013 Jan 192:1234 # # # # # Tapuria A, Austin T, Sun S, Lea N, Iliffe S, Kalra D, Ingram D, Patterson D, Clinical advantages of decision support tool for anticoagulation control, IEEE Point-Of-Care Healthcare Technologies (PHT), 2013, p. 331-334 # # # # # # # # Kalra D, Schmidt A, Potts HWW, Dupont D, Sundgren M, De Moor G, on behalf of the EHR4CR Research consortium, Case Report from the EHR4CR Project: A European Survey on Electronic Health Records Systems for Clinical Research, iHealth Connections, 2011; 1(2)p. 108-113. # Kalra D, Musen M, Smith B, Ceusters W, De Moor G, ARGOS Policy Brief on Semantic Interoperability, Stud Health Technol Inform, 2011, 170, p. 1-15 # # # Kalra D, Health informatics 3.0, Yearbook Med Inform, 2011, 6(1), p. 8-14 # ISO International standards (development led by Dipak) # Kalra D, Datta G, 2011, ISO TR 14292 Personal Health Records - Definition, scope and context # Kalra D, Sawatsky E, 2011, ISO TS 14265 Classification of purposes for processing personal health information # Kalra D, 2010, ISO 18308 Requirements for an Electronic Health Record Reference Architecture # Kalra D, 2010, ISO/EN 13606 Electronic Health Record Communication Part 5: Interface Specification # Kalra D, 2009, ISO 13606 Electronic Health Record Communication Part 3: Reference Archetypes and Term Lists # Kalra D, 2009, ISO TS 13606 Electronic Health Record Communication Part 4: Security # Kalra D, Beale T, Lloyd D, Heard S, 2008, ISO 13606 Electronic Health Record Communication Part 2: Archetype Interchange Specification # Kalra D, Lloyd D., 2008, ISO 13606 Electronic Health Record Communication Part 1: Reference Model

References

Sources

The EuroRec Institute

CHIME - Centre for Health Informatics and Multi-professional Education

EMIF EC-Project

EHR4CR EC-Project

ASSESS CT EC-Project

SemanticHealthNet EC-Project

Trillium Bridge EC-Project

Expand EC-Project

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalra, Dipak 20th-century British medical doctors English people of South Asian descent Health informaticians Academic staff of Ghent University Living people 1959 births Medical doctors from London British general practitioners