The Diocese of

Dax The DAX (''Deutscher Aktienindex'' (German stock index); ) is a stock market index consisting of the 40 major German blue chip companies trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. It is a total return index. Prices are taken from the Xetra t ...

or Acqs was a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in Gascony in south-west France. According to tradition it was established in the 5th century. It was suppressed after the French Revolution, by the

Concordat of 1801 The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between the First French Republic and the Holy See, signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII on 15 July 1801 in Paris. It remained in effect until 1905, except in Alsace–Lorraine, ...

between First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and

Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII (; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823) was head of the Catholic Church from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823. He ruled the Papal States from June 1800 to 17 May 1809 and again ...

. Its territory now belongs to the

Diocese of Aire The Diocese of Aire and Dax (Latin'':'' ''Dioecesis Adurensis et Aquae Augustae''; French: ''Diocèse d'Aire et Dax'') is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. It comprises the ''département'' o ...

and

Diocese of Bayonne The Diocese of Bayonne, Lescar, and Oloron, commonly Diocese of Bayonne, (Latin: ''Dioecesis Baionensis, Lascurrensis et Oloronensis''; French: ''Diocèse de Bayonne, Lescar et Oloron''; Basque: ''Baionako, Leskarreko eta Oloroeko elizbarrutia'') ...

History

It is not certain that the patron of the diocese, the martyr

St. Vincent Saint Vincent may refer to: People Saints * Vincent of Saragossa (died 304), a.k.a. Vincent the Deacon, deacon and martyr * Saint Vincenca, 3rd century Roman martyress, whose relics are in Blato, Croatia * Vincent, Orontius, and Victor (died 305 ...

, was a bishop. His cult, at least, existed in the time of

Charlemagne Charlemagne ( ; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was List of Frankish kings, King of the Franks from 768, List of kings of the Lombards, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian ...

, as is proved by a note (in a later hand) of the Wolfenbüttel manuscript of the ''

Hieronymian Martyrology The ''Martyrologium Hieronymianum'' (meaning "martyrology of Jerome") or ''Martyrologium sancti Hieronymi'' (meaning "martyrology of Saint Jerome") is an ancient martyrology or list of Christian martyrs in calendar order, one of the most used and ...

''. The oldest account of his martyrdom is in a

breviary A breviary () is a liturgical book used in Christianity for praying the canonical hours, usually recited at seven fixed prayer times. Historically, different breviaries were used in the various parts of Christendom, such as Aberdeen Breviar ...

of Dax, dating from the second half of the thirteenth century, but the author knows nothing of the martyr's time period or the reasons for his death. Excavations near Dax proved the existence of a

Merovingian The Merovingian dynasty () was the ruling family of the Franks from around the middle of the 5th century until Pepin the Short in 751. They first appear as "Kings of the Franks" in the Roman army of northern Gaul. By 509 they had united all the ...

cemetery on the site of a church which, it is claimed, was dedicated to St. Vincent by Bishop Gratianus. Gratianus, present at the

Council of Agde The Council of Agde was a regional synod of Latin liturgical rites, Western Rite Nicene Christianity, Nicene bishops held in September 506 at Agatha or Agde, on the Mediterranean coast east of Narbonne, in the Septimania region of the Visigothic K ...

(506), is the first historically known bishop. Among the other bishops of the see were St. Revellatus (early sixth century), St. Macarius (c. 1060), Cardinal Pierre Itier (1361), Cardinal Pierre de Foix (1455), founder of the

University of Avignon A university () is an educational institution, institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several Discipline (academia), academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly ...

and the Collège de Foix at Toulouse. The synodal constitutions of the ancient Diocese of Dax, published by Abbé Antoine Degert, are of great historical interest for the study of the ancient constitutions and customs of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Degert in the course of this publication succeeded in rectifying certain errors in the episcopal lists of the ''

Gallia christiana The ''Gallia Christiana'', a type of work of which there have been several editions, is a documentary catalogue or list, with brief historical notices, of all the Catholic dioceses and abbeys of France from the earliest times, also of their occupa ...

'' and of Father Eubel in ''Hierarchia catholica''. During the Great Schism, Dax, which was part of Aquitaine, belonged to the Kings of England (in 1378

Richard II Richard II (6 January 1367 – ), also known as Richard of Bordeaux, was King of England from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. He was the son of Edward, Prince of Wales (later known as the Black Prince), and Joan, Countess of Kent. R ...

). King Richard chose to support the popes of the Roman Obedience rather than the popes of the Avignon Obedience, who were French and likely to support the King of France in what is now called the

Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a conflict between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France and a civil war in France during the Late Middle Ages. It emerged from feudal disputes over the Duchy ...

. All of the cardinals of the Avignon obedience were deprived of their offices and benefices in the Kingdom of Richard II of England, by act of Parliament and decree of the King Dax was required to adhere to the Obedience of Rome. About 1588

St. Vincent de Paul Vincent de Paul, Congregation of the Mission, CM (24 April 1581 – 27 September 1660), commonly known as Saint Vincent de Paul, was an Occitans, Occitan French Priesthood in the Catholic Church, Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving ...

made his first studies with the Cordeliers of Dax, but good secondary education at Dax dates only from the establishment of the

Barnabites The Barnabites (), officially named as the Clerics Regular of Saint Paul (), are a religious order of clerics regular founded in 1530 in the Catholic Church. They are associated with the Angelic Sisters of Saint Paul and the members of the Ba ...

in 1640. His learning, however, was sufficient to allow him to study at the University of Toulouse. On 3 June 1857, the title "Bishop of Dax" was added to the titulature of the Bishop of Aire.

Bishops of Dax

Early bishops

* Vincentius * Gratianus * Carterius (541) * Liberius (549) *

Faustianus Faustianus (also known as Faustian) was a bishop of the former diocese of Dax in the 6th century. Episcopate In the 580s, while Gundoald was trying to usurp the Frankish throne from the Merovingian monarchs, he appointed people to vacant offices w ...

* Nicetius * Illidius * Revelatus ''Sede Vacante'' (lasting nearly four centuries, due to Arab invasions and Northmen, until ca. 850) * Oltherius (second half of ninth century)

Bishops of Gascony

* Gombaud (end of tenth century) * Arsius-Raca * Raymond * Raymond

Bishops of Dax, 1000–1200

* Macarius (ca. 1061) * Gregory de Montaner, O.S.B. ( –1068) * Bernard de Mugron, O.S.B. (by 1068 – 25 July 1097) * Raymond de Sentes (before 1100 – 28 March 1117) * Guillaume de Heugas (1117–1143) * Arnaud-Guillaume de Sort (ca. 1143 – after 20 November 1167) * Guillaume Bertrand (ca. 1168–1203)

1200–1400

* ? Jean de Caunar (1203) * Fortanerius de Mauléon (1204 – February 1215) * Guilelmus de Salies (1217 – October 1233) * Arnaud Raymond de Tartas (1234–?) * Navarre de Miossenx, O.Cist. (1239 – 3 November 1272) ''Sede Vacante'' (1272–1278) * Arnaud de Ville (5 April 1278 – 11 March 1305) * Garsias Arnaud de Capenne (1305, before 12 September – 8 January 1327) * Bernard de Liposse (19 January 1327 – February 1359) * Pierre la Colre (15 March–15 April 1359) * Pierre Itier (10 May 1359 – 1362) (resigned on becoming Cardinal) * Bernard d'Albret e Lebreto O.Min. (Bishop-elect) (1 June–?, 1362) * Jean de Saya (18 January 1363 – 8 June 1375) (transferred to Agen) * Jean de Hanecourt r Haricuria(bishop-elect, died before consecration) (9 June–August, 1375) * Jean Bauffès (27 August 1375 – 4 December 1391) (transferred to Vich) * Joannes Guterii (Obedience of Rome) (March 1380 – late in 1393) * Pierre Troselli, O.P. (Obedience of Avignon) (4 December 1391 – 9 March 1405? or 1412?) * Pierre du Bosc (Obedience of Rome) (5 December 1393 – 19 June 1400)

1400–1600

* Petrus Ameil de Brénac, O.E.S.A., Patriarch of Alexandria (Obedience of Rome), Administrator of Dax (19 June 1400 – 4 May 1401) * Garsias-Arnaud de Navailhes (Obedience of Rome) (4 May 1401 – 1407) * Pélegrin du Fau (1407 – 22 July 1408) * Petrus de Anglada, O.P. (Obedience of Rome) (23 August 1409 – 1423) * Nicolaus Duriche, O.P. (Obedience of Avignon) (27 May 1412 – 1423) * Francesco Piccolpasso (29 March 1423 – 26 February 1427) (transferred to

Pavia Pavia ( , ; ; ; ; ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, in Northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino (river), Ticino near its confluence with the Po (river), Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was a major polit ...

) * Bernard de la Planche (26 February 1427 – 1439) (deposed, as a supporter of

Antipope Felix V Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451), nicknamed the Peaceful, was Count of Savoy from 1391 to 1416 and Duke of Savoy from 1416 to 1440. He was a claimant to the papacy from 1439 to 1449 as Felix VWhen numbering of the popes began ...

) * Garsias Arnaldi de Sega (de l'Exègne) (25 September 1439 – 9 December 1444) * Beltrandus (1445? – 5 July 1451) (transferred to the diocese of Oloron) * Pierre de Foix, O.Min. (5 July 1451 – 30 May 1459) * Jean de Foix (1459 – 9 May 1466) (transferred to

Comminges The Comminges (; Occitan language, Occitan/Gascon language, Gascon: ''Comenge'') is an ancient region of southern France in the foothills of the Pyrenees, corresponding approximately to the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens in the departments of Fran ...

) * Bertrand de Borie (12 May 1466 – 1499) * Arnaldus (Garsias Arnaud) de Borie (8 April 1499 – 1501) * Petrus de Caupena (6 February 1502 – 1514) * Jean de la Martonie (1514–1519) * Gaston de la Martonie (1 April 1519 – October 1555) *

François de Noailles François de Noailles, (2 July 1519 – 19 September 1585) Papal Prothonotary, made Bishop of Dax in 1556, was French ambassador in Venice in the 1560s, and French ambassador of Charles IX of France, Charles IX to the Ottoman Empire from 1571 to 1 ...

(28 September 1556 – 1562) (resigned) * Gilles (Aegidius) de Noailles (1562–1600) resigned

1600–1801

* Jean-Jacques du Sault (25 May 1598 – 25 May 1623) * Philibert du Sault (25 May 1623 – 11 November 1638) * Jacques Desclaux (11 April 1639 – 4 April 1658) * Guillaume Le Boux, Orat. (26 May 1659 – 15 December 1666) (transferred to

Périgueux Périgueux (, ; or ) is a commune in the Dordogne department, in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. Périgueux is the prefecture of Dordogne, and the capital city of Périgord. It is also the seat of ...

) * Hugues de Bar (7 March 1667 – 1671) (transferred to Lectoure) * Paul-Philippe de Chaumont Quitry (14 December 1671 – 1684) **Leo de La Lanne **Jean Marie de Prugues *Bernard d'Abbadie d'Arbocave (5 May 1692 – 14 December 1732) *François d'Andigné (2 September 1733 – 28 May 1736) *Louis-Marie de Suarès d'Aulan (6 May 1737 – 23 January 1772) *Charles-Auguste Le Quien de La Neufville (27 January 1772 – 24 October 1801) **Jean-Jacques Saurine (Constitutional Bishop of Landes and Basses-Pyrénées) (1791–1802)Dufourcet, pp. 229–230 (with errors). Saurine was consecrated in Paris on 27 February 1791, by Bishop Gobel (one of Bishop Talleyrand's consecrands). Pisani, pp. 430–441; 445. He made his submission to Pope Pius VII, and on 29 April 1802 was granted the Archbishopric of Strasbourg. See: Gams, p. 316.

References

Books and articles

Reference books

* pp. 599–601. (Use with caution; obsolete) * p. 97. (in Latin) * p. 91. * * p. 89. * p. 93. * pp. 92–93.

Studies

* * * *

Attribution

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dax, Ancient Diocese of

5th-century establishments in sub-Roman Gaul 1801 disestablishments in France